PassMed Incorrect Flashcards
Impaired glucose tolerance definition?
Fasting glucose 6.1 - 7 and OGTT 2-hr 7.8 - 11.1
Impaired fasting glucose definition?
Fasting glucose 6.1 - 7
Most common type of ovarian pathology associated with Meigs’ syndrome?
Fibroma
Small, solid, benign, fibrous tissue tumours
Assoc w/ Meig’s syndrome: pleural effusion (R), benign ovarian fibroma + ascites
Most common benign ovarian tumour in women under the age of 25 years?
Dermoid cyst (teratoma)
Commonest large ovarian tumours, 30-50y/o?
Mucinous cystadenomas
Benign epithelial tumour
If ruptures, may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei
May be multilocular
5% are malignant
Remove appendix at op -> send for histology (some ovarian tumours 2° to GI malignancy)
Management of anterior uveitis?
Refer for same-day ophthalmology review
- Steroids (oral, topical, or IV)
- Cycloplegic-mydiatric medications e.g. cyclopentolate/atropine eye drops
- Immunosuppressants, eg DMARDs and TNF inhibitors
- Laser therapy, cryotherapy, or surgery (vitrectomy) are options in severe cases
4 features of Horner’s syndrome?
- Miosis (small pupil)
- Ptosis
- Enophthalmos* (sunken eye)
- Anhidrosis (loss of sweating one side)
What is the most common extra-intestinal manifestation of Crohn’s disease?
Arthritis
Imaging of choice in suspected renal colic?
Non-contrast CT-KUB
Treatment for severe diarrhoea due to campylobacter?
First-line: Clindamycin
Second-line: Ciprofloxacin (although often resistant)
First line radiological investigation for suspected stroke?
CT head WITHOUT contrast
A 58-year-old farmer attends the emergency department with his wife. He has a high fever and is sweating profusely. On examination he has several black blisters which produce foul smelling discharge.
What organism is usually associated with this condition?
Clostridium perfringens (causes gas gangrene)
Routine antenatal care. Early scan to confirm dates
10 - 13 weeks
Routine antenatal care. First screen for anaemia and atypical red cell alloantibodies`
8 - 12 weeks
Routine antenatal care. First dose of anti-D prophylaxis to rhesus negative women
28 weeks
Pregnant woman (2nd/3rd trimester) with itchy, blistering rash around her umbilicus. Diagnosis and treatment?
Pemphigoid gestationis
Oral steroids
In what instances should a chest tube be placed for a pleural effusion?
- Purulent/cloudy fluid
- Clear fluid, but pH <7.2 with suspected infection
What is the treatment for suspected epididymo-orchitis if unknown organism?
Ceftriaxone 500mg IM stat, plus doxycycline 100mg PO BD 10-14 days
How are clotting factors affected in liver failure?
All clotting factors are low, except for factor VIII which is paradoxically supra-normal. This is because factor VIII is synthesised in endothelial cells throughout the body
Which drugs have been shown to reduce mortality in patients with left ventricular failure?
- ACE-i + ARBs
- Beta-blockers
- Aldosterone antagonists
- Hydralazine and nitrates
What is the most common causative organism of early-onset (<48h) neonatal sepsis? How is this prevented?
Group B Strep
Intrapartum abx (benzylpenicillin)
Anti-D immunoglobulin should be given as soon as possible (but always within 72 hours) in which situations? (8)
- delivery of a Rh +ve infant, whether live or stillborn
- any TOP
- miscarriage if gestation is > 12 weeks
- ectopic pregnancy (if surgical Mx, if medical Mx w/ methotrexate anti-D not required)
- external cephalic version
- antepartum haemorrhage
- amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, fetal blood sampling
- abdominal trauma
Ovarian cyst - if ruptures may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei?
Mucinous cystadenoma
The most common type of ovarian epithelial cell tumour
Serous cystadenoma
What is the mechanism of action of memantine?
NMDA receptor antagonist
Four weeks after an anterior myocardial infarction a 69-year-old presents with pulmonary oedema. The ECG shows persistent ST elevation in the anterior leads.
Left ventricular aneurysm
Down’s syndrome screening including nuchal scan. Timing?
11 - 13 weeks
Anomaly scan
18 - 20 weeks
At what stage of pregnancy would ECV be offered?
Week 36
