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MRCP Part 1 > Passmed > Flashcards

Passmed Flashcards

1
Q

Association of AS and gastrointestinal bleeding

A

heyde’s syndrome - angiodysplasia of the stomach - ? related to lysis of VWF from stenosed valve

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2
Q

Hallmarks of homocysteinurea

A 
deficieny of cystathionine beta synthase
similar to marfans
fine fair hair
downward dislocation of the lens
VTE risk
livedo reticularis
malar flush

DOES NOT CAUSE RENAL STONES

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3
Q

associations of primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

UC
chrons less so
HIV

presents with jaundice and pruritis
RUQ pain
fatigue

investigate with ERCP or MRCP
positive ANCA ?
may progreess to cholangiocarcinoma and associated with increased colorectal cancer risk

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4
Q

Secondary causes of osteoporosis

A 
premature menopause
steroids
testosterone deficieny in yonger men
vitamin d deficieny/ calcium def
thyroid disorders 
myeloma or malignancy
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5
Q

What classes as stage 2 hypertension

A

150/95 - treat.

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6
Q

signs of quinine overdose

A

visual disturbances, tinnitus flushing
hypoglycaemia and metabolic acidosis
can get flash pulmonary odema

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7
Q

MArkers of poor prognosis in IgA nephropathy

A 
hypertension
proteinuria
male gender
smoker
(frank blood is a good prognostic)
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8
Q

differnce between an IgA nephropathy and a post streptoccal glomerulonephritis

A

IGA frank blood and more often men, comes on after 1-2 day sof URTI

PSG - comes on afetr 2 weeks and just protein

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9
Q

friendrichs ataxia

A

cerebellar ataxia and signs - often presents in young
die from HOCM
often get diabetes and high arched palate
optic atrophy

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10
Q

digeorge identifiers

A 
CATCH 22 - t cell deficiency
cardiac abnormalities
abnormal facies
thymic aplasia
cleft palate
hyocalcaemia/hypoparathyroidism
chromosome 22 deltion
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11
Q

MEN1

A

PPP
parathyroid - hyper para
pituitary
pancreas - inulinoma or gastrinoma

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12
Q

collagen 1 problems

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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13
Q

collagen 3 and 5 problems

A

ehlers danlos - vascular variant

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14
Q

collagen 4 problems

A

goodpastures - autoanibody

alports syndrome

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15
Q

sensitivity

A

im really sensitive i feel everything - chance that you pick up positives.
calculated as tested positives as a percentage of total positives i.e includes fase negatives

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16
Q

chromosome for APKD

A

type 1 - chromosome 16

type 2 - chromosome 4

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17
Q

indications for bipap

A

copd with respiratory acidosis
type 2 resp failure secondary to OSA/chest wall deformity/neuromuscular disease
withdrawal of intubation
cardiogenic pulmonary odea - non responsive to cpap

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18
Q

recomended inspiratory and end pressurees in copd - bipap

A

4-5cm EPAP
10-15cm IPAP
back up rate - 15 / min
inspiration:expiration 1:3

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19
Q

risk factors for contrast induced nephroathy

A 
age >70
known renal impairment/diabetes
dehydration
cardiac failure
nephrotoxics

give fluids for 12 hours before and after 1ml/kg/hr

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20
Q

Hypersensitivity types: gell and coombes

A

type 1 - anapjylactic (IgE mediated)
type 2 - cell bound - binds to antigen on cell surace
type 3 - imune complex - free antigen antibody e.g SLE/ post strep glom
type 4 - t cell meicated - eg TB, GVHD, scabies, MS, GBS

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21
Q

thickening of the bone

A

pagets - increase in osteoclast and osteoblast

osteopetrosis - thick but brittle bone - osteoclastic failure to resorp

22
Q

hallmark of sarcoid

A

non caseating granulomas
high ACE
african american females

23
Q

birbeck granules

A

tennis racket shaped lesions of langerhans cell histiocytosis

24
Q

hallmarks of sarcoid - presentation

A

fevers, erythema nodosum, arthralgia, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, cough, malaise, weight loss.
others:hypercalcaemia, parotitis

25
Q

diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa

A

biopsy of nodules - necrotising arteritis

, MRI angiogram showing medium vessel aneurysm

26
Q

livedo reticularis

A

think PAN - along with fevers, arthralgia, weight loss. HTN, testicuar pain, renal failure hep b in 30%

27
Q

most common type of renal stone

A

calcium oxalate

increased likelihood if you have hypercalkciurea

28
Q

reversal agent for beta blckers

A

IV glucagon

29
Q

hypokalaemia and hypertension

A

hyperaldosteronism

30
Q

hyonatraemia and hypotension

A

adrenal insufficiency - addisons

31
Q

young female, hypertension, assymetrical kidneys

A

fibromuscular dysplasia (often found with renal artery stenosis after ACEi initiation and drop in renal function)

32
Q

ecg changes of a TCA overdose

A

sinus tachy, broad QRS, long QT

33
Q

whats the problem in acromegaly

A

too much growth hormone - treat ment with surgical removal, and somatostatin analogues - octreotide
then use GH recepter antagonists - pegvisomant - reduced IGF1 levels to norm

34
Q

homogentisic acid dioxygenase deficiency

A

alkaptonuria

35
Q

mobitz 1 vs 2

A

mobits 1keback

2 - pauses

36
Q

type of kidney disease closest to that of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

diffuse proliferative GN

37
Q

Vitamin associated with poor wound healing

A

vit c

38
Q

CEA marker

A

colrectal

39
Q

causes of a raised anion gap acidosis

A 
high cpncentration of inorganic acids which mean 15 or over difference. 
Lactic acidosis
methanol
ethylene glycol
urate - renal tings
ketoacids in diabetes
paracetamol
40
Q

causes of a normal anion gap acidosis

A

loss of bicarb or hyperchloraemic(due to retention to compensate) - 14 or less
renal tubular acidosis
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
diarrhoea

41
Q

Causes of pyoderma gangrenosum

A 
idiopathic
UC chrons
SLE RA
Myeloproliferative
myeloma
monoclonal gommopathy
Purple
painful
pretibial
pathergy
progressive
42
Q

what is fanconi syndrome

A

abnormality with dysnuctional PCT - results in RTA t2, loss of electrolytes, hypovolaemia, loss of glucose, polyuria
sjogrens, nephrotic syndrome, wilsons and myeloma.

43
Q

causes of left bundle branch blcok

A

aortic stenosis
IHD
cardiomyopathy hypertension

44
Q

Causes of heinz bodies.

A

G6PD or alpha thalaseemia

NOT howel jolly bodies

45
Q

causes of howel jolly bodies

A

hyposplenism

46
Q

target cells

A

sickle cell
IDA
hyposplenism
liver disease

47
Q

Massive splenomegaly

A

visceral leishmaniasis
CML / myelofibrosis
malaria
gauchers

48
Q

non massive splenomegaly

A

infection - edocarditis, hepatitis, galndular fever
malignancy - lymphoproliferative disorder
portal hypertenison - chirrosis

49
Q

c-anca

A

PR3 - wegeners

50
Q

p anca

A

churg strauss - MPO - cresenteric immune glomerulonephritis

51
Q

philadelphia chromasome

A

9/22

MRCP Part 1 (1 decks)

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