PASSIVE MOVEMENTS Flashcards
UL: Shoulder flexion
- Supine arm supported on plinth
- Thumb grip for hand
- Support arm posteriorly then change grip for elevation
- 90 degree angle then face palms out
- Long lever
- Sagittal plane, Frontal axis
UL: Shoulder Abd/Add
- Supine
- Short lever
- Frontal plane, Sagittal axis
UL: Shoulder Med/Lat Rotation
- Supine
- Elbow flexed (in abd. or neutral)
- Transverse plane, Vertical axis
UL: Elbow (radial ulnar)
- Supine
- Flexion/Extension - Sagittal plane/ frontal axis
- Pronation/Supination - Transverse plane/ Vertical axis
UL: Wrist and Hand
- Supine
- Flex/ext of wrist
- Flex/ext of fingers and thumb
- Elbow flexed, forearm in mid-position
- Sagittal plane/ frontal axis
UL: Shoulder extension
- Side lying
- Short lever
- Sagittal plane/frontal axis
USES OF RELAXED PASSIVE MOVEMENTS
- Assessment of a joint
- Maintain or increase joint range
- Maintain extensibility of muscle, tendon and ligaments
- Provide proprioceptive stimulation
- Prevent soft tissue shortening
Principles of application of relaxed passive movements
- Relaxation of body part
- Fixation
- Support
- Range
- Speed and duration
- Sequence
- Traction
- Compression
Precautions of Passive Movements
- Careful handling due to skin damage, thin skin, burns, flail limb, paralysis
- Should be pain-free
- Care around intra-venous infusion sites
Contraindications of passive movements
- Recent fractures
- Severe soft tissue damage preventing safe use of passive movements
- Compromised circulation (Diabetics)
LL: Flexion/ Extension of Hip and Knee
- Supine
- Using heel grip with thigh/knee supported posteriorly
- Change grip to anterior aspect of tibia for full flex
- Sagittal plane, Coronal (frontal) axis
LL: Hip Lateral and Medial Rotation
- Supine
- Movement performed with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees
- Transverse plane / Vertical axis
LL: Hip Abd/Add
- Supine
- Demonstrate movement first with leg extended
- Demonstrate alternative movements with hip and knee flexed combined with rotation
- Transverse plane/ Vertical axis
Trunk Rotation
- Crook lying
- Facilitate rolling of knees from side to side
- Transverse plane / Vertical Axis
LL: Hip Flexion and Extension
- Side lying
- Knee flexed with support thigh and lower leg
- Emphasis on extension
- Stabilise pelvis
- Sagittal axis, Frontal axis
LL: Foot Dorsiflexion / TA Stretch
- Supine
- Using heel grip and knee extended, full stretch into DF
- Place pillow under leg
- Hand placed over dorsum/plantar aspect of foot to perform movements
- Sagittal plane/ Frontal axis
LL: Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion
- Thumb and fingers grip
- Stability just above ankle joint
- Movements can be performed in neutral
- Sagittal plane/Frontal axis
WHAT ARE PASSIVE MOVEMENTS?
Movements carried out through the normal anatomical range and direction of movement, whilst the muscles are inactive or voluntarily relaxed.
WHEN WOULD YOU USE PASSIVE MOVEMENTS?
- (Dependent on context) Assessment or a treatment
- Used when active movement is impossible or difficult for a patient (eg. muscle paralysis after a stroke, patients who are heavily sedated on ITU).
- When active movements are contraindicated.
FREQUENCY OF APPLICATION
Dependent on purpose and patient presentation.
Eg. once or twice to assess joint ROM
Eg. unconscious patient needs every joint moving a few times per day
Eg. post joint replacement use machines that produce continuous passive movement (could be for hours a day).
