Passive & Active Exercise

Question 0

what are the two types of gravity?

Answer 0

Gravity eliminate - take away gravity

antigravity - working against gravity

Question 1

what is the difference between active and passive exercise?

Answer 1

active - pt performs voluntary muscle contractions

passive - pt is unable or not permitted to contract muscles

Question 2

what are the types of exercise for ROM?

Answer 2

PROM: maintenance of unrestricted joint range

Passive Stretching: increase restricted joint range

Active Assisted ROM: increase restricted joint range with active muscle contraction and outside force. ex: heel slides

Question 3

what are the 2 types of exercise for strengthening?

Answer 3

active exercise: increase strength and endurance, but joint range cannot be increased ex. squats

active assistive: working in unrestricted joint range where an external force (manual, mechanical, or gravity) is used to assist pt

Question 4

why is PROM exercise used? And who is it used on

Answer 4

pts that cannot perform active exercise

ex. comatose, paralysis, pain with AROM

Question 5

what are 7 benefits of PROM?

Answer 5

• prevention of contractures
• reduce stress on cardiorespiratory system
• provide sensory stimulation
• preserve/maintain existing ROM
• maintain muscle elasticity
• maintain circulation
• cartilage nutrition

Question 6

what can’t PROM do?

Answer 6

• decrease adipose tissue
• prevent atrophy
• increase muscle tone, strength, endurance

Question 7

what are the ROM for knee flexion, should flexion/abduction?

Answer 7

knee flexion: 0-135

should abd/flexion: 0-180

Question 8

what are the 3 anatomical planes of motion and what are their associated axes?

Answer 8

sagittal: medial-lateral

frontal (coronal): anterior-posterior

transverse: vertical (superior:cranial & inferior:caudal)

Question 9

name a joint movement for each plane

Answer 9

frontal (coronal): abduction & adduction of hip&shoulder

sagittal: flexion & extension shoulder&hip
transverse: ER & IR shoulder, r&l cervical rotation

Question 10

what are the advantages of the diagonal patterns?

Answer 10

incorporate all 3 planes and axes with motions (crossing midline, rotation, combo movements) and the movements are functional

Question 11

what is an end feel?

Answer 11

tissue resistance “feel” at the end of the joint range by use of over pressure

Question 12

what are the 3 normal types of end feels and a location of each?

Answer 12

soft- compression of soft tissue: knee and elbow flexion

hard- bone on bone: knee and elbow extension

firm- capsular, ligament, muscular stretching: shoulder flexion, wrist extension and flexion

Question 13

what are 3 abnormal end feels

Answer 13

empty: unable to reach end feel because of pain

muscle guarding: spasms (slow and fast)

Intra-articular block: springy

Question 14

what are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

Answer 14

isotonic, isokinetic, isometric

Question 15

what is a isotonic muscle contraction?

Answer 15

dynamic form of exercise using mechanical or manual resistance

1. concentric: resistance when shortening of muscle (curls, sit to stand)
2. eccentric: resistance when lengthening of muscle (stand to sit, negative curls)

Question 16

what is an isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 16

static form of exercise that occurs when a muscle contracts without change in length of muscle or without visible joint movement

ex quad sets, glute sets

Question 17

what is an isokinetic muscle contraction?

Answer 17

dynamic exercise where the velocity of muscle shortening/lengthening is controlled by a device that controls the speed of movement of the body part