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Toki pona > passief > Flashcards

passief Flashcards

1
Q

akesi

A

akesi 獣 (variants 獸, 兽)
n non-cute animal, reptile, amphibian

noun creeping animal, a scaly or slimy animal that creeps on land
noun reptile, any air-breathing cold-blooded animal that crawls on land and has scales and bones; reptile
noun amphibian, any cold-blooded animal with bones that lives on both land and in water; amphibian
noun large arthropod, a large arthropod that lives on land; scorpion
describer like an akesi in appearance
describer having the characteristics or properties of an akesi
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2
Q

ala

A

ala 不
mod no, not, none, un-
n nothing, negation, zero
interj no!

describer not, not such; no, not
describer no, zero, no quantity of; no, zero
describer un-, opposite of; un-
noun the state, situation or general phenomenon of being ala; absence, emptiness, negation, nothing, zero
interjection a short, sudden or emotional expression of ala; no!
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3
Q

ali

A

ali, ale, 全
n everything, anything, life, the universe
mod all, every, complete, whole

ali, ale アリ, アレ 全

〔名詞〕森羅万象. 〔修飾詞〕全ての、全体の. 
 (旧:ale)

< alle (nederlands)

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4
Q

anpa

A

anpa 下
n bottom, lower part, under, below, floor, beneath
mod low, lower, bottom, down

anpa アンパ 下
〔名詞〕下にある物, 基部, 元, 基, 下の部分, 下部, 最低の部分, ふもと, 低地, 真下; 下に, 真下に, ふもとに; ゆか
⇔ sewi
〔修飾〕低い, 底の, 下の.

< Acadian French

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5
Q

ante

A 
ante 変 (variants 變, 变)
    n	difference
    mod	different
    conj	otherwise, or else
    vt	change, alter, modify

ante 変 (異体字: 變, 变)

〔名詞〕差. 〔動詞〕変える、正す. ≒ pona ⇔ awen. 〔接続詞〕あるいは～ (anuを使う方が一般的)

< anders (nederlands)

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6
Q

anu

A

anu 或
conj or

    anu is used to make questions when there is a choice between two options.

    jan Susan anu jan Lisa li moku e suwi? 	  	Susan or Lisa ate the cookies?
    sina jo e kili anu telo nasa? 	  	Do you have the fruit,
            or is it the wine that you have?
    sina toki, tawa mi anu ona? 	  	Are you talking to me,
            or are you talking to him?
    ona anu jan ante li ike? 	  	Is he bad, or is it the
            other person who's bad?

    Do you know how sometimes in English we say stuff like, “So are you coming or what?”.

    sina pona anu seme? 	  	Are you OK?
    ona li mama anu seme? 	  	Is she a parent?
    sina kama anu seme? 	  	Are you coming or what?
    sina wile moku anu seme? 	  	Do you want to eat or what?
    sina wile e mani anu seme? 	  	Do you want the money or what?

    anu can be used in declarative sentences also.

    mi lukin e mije anu meli. 	  	I see a man or a women.

anu アヌ 或

〔接続詞〕または ⇔ en, taso
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7
Q

awen

A 
awen 待
    vi  stay, wait, remain, pause
    vt  keep
    mod remaining, stationary, permanent, sedentary
    adv still, yet

awen アウェン 待

〔動詞〕待つ、保つ、残る ⇔ ante 〔修飾詞〕不変の、残りの、固着性の ⇔ sin

< nederlands “houden”

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8
Q

e

A

e え
sep introduces a direct object; when there are multiple objects targeted by the verb, those need to be preceded by e as well.

    mi moku e pan e kili - I eat rice [bread] and vegetables

e エ え
〔分離符)〕 目的語の直前に位置し、直接目的語を仲介する。

    mi moku e pan e kili. 「私はご飯と野菜を食べる。」
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9
Q

en

A 
en 且
    conj and (used to coordinate head nouns)
    mi en sina li ante - you and I are different
    mi en sina li sama ala - you and I are not the same en エン 且
〔接続詞〕かつ ⇔ anu, taso.

< nederlands “en”

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10
Q

ijo

A

ijo 物
n thing, something, stuff, anything, object
mod of something
vt objectify

ijo イヨ 物

〔名詞〕何か、事物. 〔動詞〕対象化する. 〔修飾詞〕何かの.
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11
Q

ike

A

ike 悪 (variants 惡, 恶)
mod bad, negative, wrong, evil, overly complex, (figuratively) unhealthy
interj oh dear! woe! alas!
n negativity, badness, evil
vt to make bad, to worsen, to have a negative effect upon
vi to be bad, to suck

ike 悪 (異体字: 惡, 恶)

〔名詞〕悪、陰性. 〔動詞〕悪くする、悪くなる ⇔ pona 〔修飾詞〕悪い、否定的な、間違いの、不吉な、複雑な ≒ namako.
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12
Q

ilo

A

ilo 具
na tool, device, machine, thing used for a specific purpose

ilo イロ 具

〔名詞〕道具、装置、特定の目的で使用される物.
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13
Q

insa

A

insa 内
n inside, inner world, centre, stomach
mod inner, internal
[inside]

insa インサ 内

〔名詞〕内、中心、腹、胃. 〔修飾詞〕内に、内の ⇔ selo.

vgl engels inside

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14
Q

jaki

A 
jaki 汚 (variant 污)
    mod dirty, gross, filthy
    n   dirt, pollution, garbage, filth
    vt  pollute, dirty
    interj  ew! yuck!
    [yucky]

jaki ヤキ 汚 (異体字: 污)

〔名詞〕泥、汚れ、ゴミ. 〔動詞〕 汚す、穢す. 〔修飾詞〕 汚い、穢れた、下品な. 〔間投詞〕おえっ！

en juck(y) nederlands jakkes

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15
Q

jan

A

jan 人
n person, people, human, being, somebody, anybody
mod human, somebody’s, personal, of people
vt personify, humanize, personalize

jan ヤン 人

〔名詞〕 人、人々、誰か. 〔動詞〕擬人化する、人間らしくする、個別化する. 〔修飾詞〕 人の、人々の、個人の、誰かの.

mandarin 人 ren

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16
Q

jelo

A

jelo 黄
mod yellow, light green

jelo イェロ 黄

〔修飾詞〕 黄色い、黄色の、萌黄色の ⇔ laso, loje

en yelllow

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17
Q

jo

A

jo 有
vt have, contain
n having
→ ‘kama jo’ receive, get, take, obtain

jo ヨ 有

 	〔名詞〕 所持. 〔動詞〕持つ、含む.

Mandarin 有 you

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18
Q

kala

A

kala 魚 (variant 鱼)
n fish, sea creature

kala カラ 魚 (異体字: 鱼)

〔名詞〕 水生動物.
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19
Q

kalama

A

kalama 音
n sound, noise, voice
vi make noise
vt sound, ring, play (an instrument)

kalama カラマ 音

〔名詞〕 音、雑音、声. 〔動詞〕鳴らす、演奏する、音が出る.

mnemonic kabaal calamiteit

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20
Q

kama

A

kama 到
vi come, become, arrive, happen, pursue actions to arrive to (a certain state), manage to, start to
n event, happening, chance, arrival, beginning
mod coming, future
vt bring about, summon

    kama pona! - Come well! Welcome!
    mi wile kama sona e toki Inli/English - I want to learn English
    mi kama e pakala - I caused an accident
    sina kama e ni: mi wile moku - you made me hungry [you caused this: I want to eat]
    kama jo - get [cause to have]
    mi kama jo e telo - I got the water

kama カマ 到

〔名詞〕出来事、機会、事件. 〔動詞〕引き起こす、呼ぶ、来る、着く、起こる、始まる ≒ open ⇔ pini 〔修飾詞〕来ている、未来の ≒ sin 〔助動詞〕～(動詞)になる.

vlg en come /kam/, nl komen

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21
Q

kasi

A

kasi 木
n plant, leaf, herb, tree, wood

kasi カシ 木

〔名詞〕植物.
22
Q

ken

A

ken 能
vi can, is able to, is allowed to, may, is possible
n possibility, ability, power to do things, permission
vt make possible, enable, allow, permit
cont it is possible that

ken ケン 能

〔名詞〕 可能性、有能. 〔動詞〕 可能にする、許容する、出来る、許される、可能性を持つ. 〔助動詞〕～(動詞)できる.

vgl en can (nl kan/ken)

23
Q

kepeken

A

kepeken 用
vt use
pre with

→ Just like lon, kepeken can be used both as verb and as preposition. However, lon doesn’t have a direct object, it merely indicates that place of being (mi moku lon tomo - I eat IN the house; kili li lon poki - the fruit SITS IN the basket). kepeken does have an direct object, and requiers as a verb e. 

    mi kepeken e ilo - I’m using a/the tool
    ona li wile kepeken e ilo ni - he has to use that tool
    jan ni li kepeken e poki ni - that person is using that cup

→ kepeken as preposition

    mi moku kepeken ilo moku - I eat with a fork/spoon
    ona li lukin kepeken ilo suno - He is looking with a flashlight/torch
    compare: ona li lukin li kepeken e ilo suno - he is looking and is using a flashlight/torch

kepeken ケペケン 用

〔動詞〕 使う. 〔前置詞〕～と共に、～を用いて.

< nl gebruiken

24
Q

kili

A

kili 果
n fruit, pulpy vegetable, mushroom

kili キリ 果
〔名詞〕 野菜、果物、きのこ.

25
Q

kin

A

kin 又
mod also, too, even, indeed (emphasizes the word(s) before it)

kin 又

〔修飾詞〕 やはり、さらに、本当に、～も、～にも、もう(既に).
26
Q

kiwen

A

kiwen 石
mod hard, solid, stone-like, made of stone or metal
n hard thing, rock, stone, metal, mineral, clay

kiwen キウェン 石

〔名詞〕 固い物、岩石、鉱物. 〔修飾詞〕固い、固体の、石・金属製の.

vgl ja iwa

※ 岩；巌；磐；巖[oK]（いわ）

  1. [n] rock; boulder
  2. crag; cliff
  3. anchor
27
Q

ko

A

ko 粉
n semi-solid or squishy substance, e.g. paste, powder, gum

ko コ 粉

〔名詞〕半固体の物、ゲル・ジェル・砂状の物.  ---

※ 粉（こな、こ） 1. [n] flour; meal; powder; dust

こちゃ 粉茶 Noun powdered (green) tea​

28
Q

kon

A

kon 気 (variant 气)
n air, wind, smell, soul
mod air-like, ethereal, gaseous

kon 気 (異体字: 气)

〔名詞〕空気、風、匂い、精神.  	〔修飾詞〕空気の様な、気体の、絶妙な.
29
Q

kule

A

kule 色
n colour, paint
mod colourful
vt colour, paint

kule クレ 色

〔名詞〕色、塗料. 〔動詞〕着色する. 〔修飾詞〕カラフルな.

Acadian French / couleur

30
Q

kulupu

A

kulupu 組 (variant 组) [or perhaps 社]
n group, community, society, company, people
mod communal, shared, public, of the society

kulupu 組 (variant 组) [or perhaps 社]

〔名詞〕 グループ、会社. 〔修飾詞〕 公衆の ⇔ taso

vgl en group nl groep

31
Q

kute

A

kute 耳
vt listen, hear
mod auditory, hearing

〔動詞〕聞く. 〔修飾詞〕 聴力の、聞こえる.

vgl fr écouter

32
Q

la

A

la ら
sep (between adverb or phrase of context and sentence)

la ら

〔分離符〕 文章の直後に位置し、文を仲介する。おそらく～、もし～なら～.
33
Q

lape

A

lape 眠
n, vi sleep, rest
mod sleeping, of sleep

lape ラペ 眠

〔動詞〕 寝る. 〔修飾詞〕眠っている ⇔ lon

< nl slapen

34
Q

laso

A

laso 青
mod blue, blue-green

laso ラソ 青

〔修飾詞〕青い、青色の、青緑色の ⇔ jelo, loje

< welsh “glas”

35
Q

lawa

A

lawa 首

n   head, mind
mod main, leading, in charge
vt  lead, control, rule, steer

lawa ラワ 首

〔名詞〕 頭、心. 〔動詞〕率いる、管理する. 〔修飾詞〕主な、先導する.
36
Q

len

A

len 衣
n clothing, cloths; cloth, fabric

len レン 衣
着物, 衣服, 衣類, 服; 布, 布地, 服地, 織物.

37
Q

lete

A

lete 冷
znw kouw, koude, koelte, vrieskouw
bep koud; ongekookt
ww afkoelen, verkoelen, (in)vriezen

lete レテ 冷

〔名詞〕 寒さ、冷たさ. 〔動詞〕 冷やす、凍らす.
38
Q

li

A

li り
sep (between any subject except mi and sina and its verb; also used to introduce a new verb for the same subject)

li り

〔分離符〕 動詞の直前に位置し、主語に動詞を仲介する。 “suno li suli li seli.” 「太陽は大きく熱い。」
39
Q

lili

A

lili 小
mod small, little, young, a bit, short, few, less
vt reduce, shorten, shrink, lessen

lili リリ 小

〔動詞〕 少なくする、短くする、小さくする. 〔修飾詞〕少ない、小さい、若い、脆い ⇔ suli, mute, wawa

lilliputter, uit

Lilliput is de naam van een denkbeeldig eiland in het boek Gullivers reizen (Gulliver’s Travels, 1726) van Jonathan Swift. Het eiland wordt bewoond door mensjes niet langer dan de vingers van Gullivers hand. Toen het boek populair werd, leidde dit tot de naam lilliputter voor mensen met dwerggroei.

40
Q

linja

A

linja 糸

n   long, very thin, floppy thing, e.g. string, rope, hair, thread, cord, chain

linja リンヤ 糸

〔名詞〕 ひも状の物.
41
Q

lipu

A

lipu 葉 (variant: 叶)
n flat and bendable thing, e.g. paper, card, ticket

lipu リプ 葉 (異体字: 叶)

〔名詞〕薄っぺらい物、紙、本、ページ、インターネット上のサイト.

mnemonic: lipu, ripu, rip, you rip paper

42
Q

loje

A

loje 赤

mod red

loje ロイェ 赤

〔修飾詞〕赤い、赤色の ⇔ jelo, laso

< ned rood, rooie

43
Q

I’m in the house.

A

→ lon, like tawa and kepeken, can be used as both a verb and a preposition. Study these examples:

        mi lon tomo -- I'm in the house.
44
Q

I eat in the house

A

mi moku lon tomo

45
Q

the sun floats in the sky

A

suno li lon sewi

46
Q

I clean up myself being in the bath room

A

mi telo e mi lon tomo telo

47
Q

the fruit lies in the basket

A

kili li lon poki

li り
sep (between any subject except mi and sina and its verb; also used to introduce a new verb for the same subject)

48
Q

I want to stay at home

A

mi wile e ni: mi lon tomo

→ Using lon with wile

According to en.wikibooks lon functioning both as a verb and as a preposition might be confusing.   
        mi wile lon tomo - I want to stay/be in house ←→ ?I want in house

While this potential confusion may be limited, wikibooks suggests that it can be avoided through with the quotation form that uses the semicolon: 
        mi wile e ni: mi lon tomo - I want this: I am/staying at home
49
Q

sina toki e ni tawa mi: sina moku

A

The quotations form is similar to the structure in English ‘you told me THAT you are eating’ - sina toki e ni tawa mi: sina moku. The semicolon functions as THAT.

sina 貴
n you
mod your

50
Q

mi lon e sina

A

→ using lon in the sense of ‘making real; making awake’
mi lon e sina - I wake/woke you up (I made you awake/brought you bak to reality)

An alternative way to say ‘waking up’ is with pini:
        mi pini e lape sina -  I ended your sleep

pini 終 (variant: 终)

n  end, tip
mod completed, finished, past, done, ago
vt  finish, close, end, turn off

pini 終 (異体字: 终)

〔名詞〕終わり、先端. 〔動詞〕終える、閉じる ⇔ kama, open

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