passage 1

Question 1

revolutionary (adj)

Answer 1

/rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ : cách mạng

Question 2

mould (v)

Answer 2

/məʊld/: đúc, nặn

Question 3

derive (v)

Answer 3

/dɪˈrʌɪv/: bắt nguồn từ, lấy được từ

eg. some plastics are derived from natural sources

Question 4

candle wax (n)

Answer 4

parafin làm nến

Question 5

melt (v)

Answer 5

/mɛlt/ tan chảy, tan ra

eg. candle wax melt when heated and can then be reshaped.

Question 6

immense (adj)

Answer 6

/ɪˈmɛns/: mênh mông, bao la, rộng lớn

eg. immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry

Question 7

substitute (n)

Answer 7

/ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/: hàng thay thế

Question 8

dwindle (v)

Answer 8

/ˈdwɪnd(ə)l/: nhỏ lại, thu nhỏ lại, teo lại

dwindle away : nhỏ dần đi, hao mòn dần.

Question 9

pragmatic (adj)

Answer 9

/praɡˈmatɪk/: thực dụng, căn cứ vào sự thực
pragmatic history: sử căn cứ vào sự thực
eg. pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of luxury materials such as ivory and tortoiseshell.

Question 10

embark (v)

Answer 10

/ɪmˈbɑːk/: bắt đầu, đi vào

eg. he embark on research into phenolic resins

Question 11

abandon (v)

Answer 11

/əˈband(ə)n/ : từ bỏ, loại bỏ, xóa bỏ, vứt bỏ

eg. he abandoned the subject, however, only returning to it some years later.

Question 12

amass (v)

Answer 12

/əˈmas/ : chất đống, tích lũy

while Beck had been busily amassing dollars, some advances had been made in the development of plastics.

Question 13

resin (n)

Answer 13

/ˈrɛzɪn/: Nhựa

Question 14

moisture resistance (n)

Answer 14

sự chống ẩm

Question 15

extract (v)

Answer 15

/ɪkˈstrakt/: tách ra, chiết ra

Question 16

crucial (adj)

Answer 16

/ˈkruːʃ(ə)l/: cốt yếu, chủ yếu

Question 17

distain (n) (v)

Answer 17

/dɪsˈdeɪn/: (n) sự khinh thường, sự khinh

(v) khinh, không thèm
eg. Beck’s invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled ( ko thể sánh kịp, chưa từng có) popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century.