Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

F1 > Pass Medicine > Flashcards

Pass Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

which drugs should be used with caution in patients with asthma?

A

NSAIDs
BB
adenosine:
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Abx for Rx of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?

A

Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Abx for lower UTI

A

Trimethoprim
(nitrofurantoin)

Alternative : amox or cephalosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abx for acute pyelonephritis

A

Broad spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. cefotaxime) or quinolone (e.g. cipro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Abx for acute prostatitis

A

Quinolone (e.g. cipro) or trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abx uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin (doxy or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic, add fluclox if staphylococci suspected e.g. in influenza)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abx for pneumonia possible caused by atypical pathogens

A

Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Abx HAP

A

Within 5 days of admission: co-amox or cefuroxime

More than 5 days after admission: tazocin OR a broad spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. cipro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What pts are classified as needing a statin for secondary prevention of CV events?

& what dose

A

Known ischaemic heart disease OR

Cerebrovascular disease OR

Peripheral arterial disease

ATORVASTATIN 80MG OD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What pts are classified as needing a statin for primary prevention of CV events?

& what dose?

A

QRISK >/= 10%

OR

most T1DM

OR

CKD if eGFR <60

20 MG ATORVASTATIN (consider titrating up if non-HDL has not fallen by >= 40%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drug to treat cellulitis?

A

Fluclox

or if allergic, clarithromycin, erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of c/diff

A

oral Metronidazole 10-14 days

vanc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the WHO analgesic ladder?

A

Step 1: Non-opioid analgesics

  • paracetamol
  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin

Step 2 : Mild opioid analgesics

  • codeine
  • dihydrocodeine

Step 3 :Strong opioid

  • analgesics
  • morphine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Should you prescribe an anti-inflammatory to a pt already taking aspirin?

A

As the patient is already taking aspirin it is best to avoid anti-inflammatories. Prescribing an anti-inflammatory to a patient taking aspirin both negates the anti-platelet effect and increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rx for urgency incontinence

A
  • Oxybutynin hydrochloride/
  • Tolterodine tartrate/
  • Darifenacin

(#1 CI in frail, older women)

start at lowest dose

Mirabegron if (the above) anticholinergics are CI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rx for SVT

A

vasovagal manouvres

6mg adenosine (if no asthma)

if this fails

give 12 mg?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Classification of asthma attack

A 
Moderate: 
PEFR 50-75% best or predicted
Speech normal
RR < 25 / min
Pulse < 110 bpm
Severe:
PEFR 33 - 50% best or predicted
Can't complete sentences
RR > 25/min
Pulse > 110 bpm
Life-threatening:
PEFR < 33% best or predicted
Oxygen sats < 92%
Silent chest, cyanosis or feeble respiratory effort
Bradycardia, dysrhythmia or hypotension
Exhaustion, confusion or coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rx severe asthma attack

A

high-flow oxygen
inhaled short-acting beta2 agonist (salbutamol)
steroid:
- either oral prednisolone or IV hydrocortisone

Ipratropium bromide is useful if the response to the above treatment is poor but it is not a first-line drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What time of day should you give the first dose of an antihypertensive?

A

at night

to avoid first-dose postural hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rx angina, already on GTN spray

A

BB, (if CI: CCB)

aspirin and statin (all pts with any form of CVD should take these)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rx suspected meningitis in ED

A

cefotaxime + amoxicillin

22
Q

Emergency contraception

A

Levonorgestrel (within 72hrs - 3 days)

Ulipristal acetate (120hrs - 5 days)

23
Q

what patients should hartmans not be used in?

A

those with hyperkalaemia - it contains potassium

24
Q

Give some endocrine SEs of glucocorticoids and some MSK ones

A

endo:
- increased appetite/wt gain, hirtuism, hyperlipid

MSK:
- osteoporosis, proximal myopathy, AVN FH

25
Q

When should you add a 2nd drug to a T2DM pt taking metformin?

A

can titrate up & encourage lifestyle changes to aim for HbA1c of 48 mmol/mol, but should only add a second drug if the HbA1c rises to 58 mmol/mol (7.5%)

26
Q

what is the level classified as hypoxiaemic in spo2 terms

A

<94%

27
Q

Drug causes of SIADH & what does SIADH do to electrolytes?

A 
sulfonylureas (glimepiride and glipizide)
SSRIs, tricyclics
carbamazepine
vincristine
cyclophosphamide

HYPONATRAEMIA

28
Q

mineralcorticoid SEs

& example

A
  • fluid retention
  • hypertension

Fludrocortison
Hydrocortisone

29
Q

How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy?

A
  • adequate hydration

- IV 0.9% NaCl

30
Q

When does BNF suggest gradual WD of systemic corticosteroids?

A

if patients have:

  • received more than 40mg prednisolone daily for more than one week
  • received more than 3 weeks treatment
  • recently received repeated courses
31
Q

what should all patients with CVD be taking?

A

a statin

& aspirin (or clopidogrel if stroke or have PAD)

32
Q

what is hypoglycaemic awareness & what drug can reduce it?

A

ability to experience / percieve the symptoms of hypoglycaemia

beta blockers

33
Q

Impetigo Rx

A

Topical fusidic acid

Oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin if widespread

34
Q

Cellulitis Rx (if near the eyes or nose)

A

Co-amoxiclav (clarithromycin, + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)

35
Q

Erysipelas Abx

A

Flucloxacillin (clarithro, erythro or doxy if penicillin allergic)

36
Q

Animal or human bite Abx

A

Co-amox (doxy + metronidazole if penicillin allergic)

37
Q

Mastitis during breast-feeding Abx

A

Flucloxacillin

38
Q

Abx throat infections

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (erythromycin alone if penicillin allergic)

39
Q

Abx sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin

40
Q

Abx Otitis media

A

Amoxicillin (E if pen-allergic)

41
Q

Abx Otitis externa

A

Fluclox (E if pen-allergic)

[a combined topical Abx and corticosteroid is generally used for mild/moderate cases of otitis externa]

42
Q

Abx periapical or peridontal abscess

A

amox

43
Q

Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative Abx

A

Metronidazole

44
Q

Gonorrhoea Abx

A

IM ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin

45
Q

Chlamydia Abx

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

46
Q

PID Rx

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole

OR

IM ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

47
Q

Syphilis Rx

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin

OR

Doxycycline or erythromycin

48
Q

BV Rx

A

PO or topical metronidazole

OR

topical clindamycin

49
Q

Rx campylobacter enteritis

A

Clarithromycin

50
Q

Rx Salmonella (non-typhoid)

A

Ciprofloxacin

51
Q

Rx Shigellosis

A

Ciprofloxacin

F1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions