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Pass Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

which drugs should be used with caution in patients with asthma?

A

NSAIDs
BB
adenosine:
-

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2
Q

What Abx for Rx of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?

A

Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Clarithromycin

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3
Q

Abx for lower UTI

A

Trimethoprim
(nitrofurantoin)

Alternative : amox or cephalosporin

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4
Q

Abx for acute pyelonephritis

A

Broad spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. cefotaxime) or quinolone (e.g. cipro)

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5
Q

Abx for acute prostatitis

A

Quinolone (e.g. cipro) or trimethoprim

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6
Q

Abx uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin (doxy or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic, add fluclox if staphylococci suspected e.g. in influenza)

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7
Q

Abx for pneumonia possible caused by atypical pathogens

A

Clarithromycin

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8
Q

Abx HAP

A

Within 5 days of admission: co-amox or cefuroxime

More than 5 days after admission: tazocin OR a broad spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. cipro)

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9
Q

What pts are classified as needing a statin for secondary prevention of CV events?

& what dose

A

Known ischaemic heart disease OR

Cerebrovascular disease OR

Peripheral arterial disease

ATORVASTATIN 80MG OD

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10
Q

What pts are classified as needing a statin for primary prevention of CV events?

& what dose?

A

QRISK >/= 10%

OR

most T1DM

OR

CKD if eGFR <60

20 MG ATORVASTATIN (consider titrating up if non-HDL has not fallen by >= 40%)

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11
Q

What drug to treat cellulitis?

A

Fluclox

or if allergic, clarithromycin, erythromycin

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12
Q

Treatment of c/diff

A

oral Metronidazole 10-14 days

vanc

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13
Q

What is the WHO analgesic ladder?

A

Step 1: Non-opioid analgesics

  • paracetamol
  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin

Step 2 : Mild opioid analgesics

  • codeine
  • dihydrocodeine

Step 3 :Strong opioid

  • analgesics
  • morphine
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14
Q

Should you prescribe an anti-inflammatory to a pt already taking aspirin?

A

As the patient is already taking aspirin it is best to avoid anti-inflammatories. Prescribing an anti-inflammatory to a patient taking aspirin both negates the anti-platelet effect and increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

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15
Q

Rx for urgency incontinence

A
  • Oxybutynin hydrochloride/
  • Tolterodine tartrate/
  • Darifenacin

(#1 CI in frail, older women)

start at lowest dose

Mirabegron if (the above) anticholinergics are CI

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16
Q

Rx for SVT

A

vasovagal manouvres

6mg adenosine (if no asthma)

if this fails

give 12 mg?

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17
Q

Classification of asthma attack

A 
Moderate: 
PEFR 50-75% best or predicted
Speech normal
RR < 25 / min
Pulse < 110 bpm

Severe:
PEFR 33 - 50% best or predicted
Can't complete sentences
RR > 25/min
Pulse > 110 bpm

Life-threatening:
PEFR < 33% best or predicted
Oxygen sats < 92%
Silent chest, cyanosis or feeble respiratory effort
Bradycardia, dysrhythmia or hypotension
Exhaustion, confusion or coma
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18
Q

Rx severe asthma attack

A

high-flow oxygen
inhaled short-acting beta2 agonist (salbutamol)
steroid:
- either oral prednisolone or IV hydrocortisone

Ipratropium bromide is useful if the response to the above treatment is poor but it is not a first-line drug.

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19
Q

What time of day should you give the first dose of an antihypertensive?

A

at night

to avoid first-dose postural hypotension

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20
Q

Rx angina, already on GTN spray

A

BB, (if CI: CCB)

aspirin and statin (all pts with any form of CVD should take these)

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21
Q

Rx suspected meningitis in ED

A

cefotaxime + amoxicillin

22
Q

Emergency contraception

A

Levonorgestrel (within 72hrs - 3 days)

Ulipristal acetate (120hrs - 5 days)

23
Q

what patients should hartmans not be used in?

A

those with hyperkalaemia - it contains potassium

24
Q

Give some endocrine SEs of glucocorticoids and some MSK ones

A

endo:
- increased appetite/wt gain, hirtuism, hyperlipid

MSK:
- osteoporosis, proximal myopathy, AVN FH

25
When should you add a 2nd drug to a T2DM pt taking metformin?
can titrate up & encourage lifestyle changes to aim for HbA1c of 48 mmol/mol, but should only add a second drug if the HbA1c rises to 58 mmol/mol (7.5%)
26
what is the level classified as hypoxiaemic in spo2 terms
<94%
27
Drug causes of SIADH & what does SIADH do to electrolytes?
``` sulfonylureas (glimepiride and glipizide) SSRIs, tricyclics carbamazepine vincristine cyclophosphamide ``` HYPONATRAEMIA
28
mineralcorticoid SEs & example
- fluid retention - hypertension Fludrocortison Hydrocortisone
29
How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy?
- adequate hydration | - IV 0.9% NaCl
30
When does BNF suggest gradual WD of systemic corticosteroids?
if patients have: - received more than 40mg prednisolone daily for more than one week - received more than 3 weeks treatment - recently received repeated courses
31
what should all patients with CVD be taking?
a statin & aspirin (or clopidogrel if stroke or have PAD)
32
what is hypoglycaemic awareness & what drug can reduce it?
ability to experience / percieve the symptoms of hypoglycaemia beta blockers
33
Impetigo Rx
Topical fusidic acid Oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin if widespread
34
Cellulitis Rx (if near the eyes or nose)
Co-amoxiclav (clarithromycin, + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)
35
Erysipelas Abx
Flucloxacillin (clarithro, erythro or doxy if penicillin allergic)
36
Animal or human bite Abx
Co-amox (doxy + metronidazole if penicillin allergic)
37
Mastitis during breast-feeding Abx
Flucloxacillin
38
Abx throat infections
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (erythromycin alone if penicillin allergic)
39
Abx sinusitis
Amoxicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin
40
Abx Otitis media
Amoxicillin (E if pen-allergic)
41
Abx Otitis externa
Fluclox (E if pen-allergic) [a combined topical Abx and corticosteroid is generally used for mild/moderate cases of otitis externa]
42
Abx periapical or peridontal abscess
amox
43
Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative Abx
Metronidazole
44
Gonorrhoea Abx
IM ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin
45
Chlamydia Abx
Doxycycline or azithromycin
46
PID Rx
Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole OR IM ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole
47
Syphilis Rx
Benzathine benzylpenicillin OR Doxycycline or erythromycin
48
BV Rx
PO or topical metronidazole OR topical clindamycin
49
Rx campylobacter enteritis
Clarithromycin
50
Rx Salmonella (non-typhoid)
Ciprofloxacin
51
Rx Shigellosis
Ciprofloxacin

F1 (4 decks)

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