Pass Med Q's Flashcards
what is Hutchinsons sign
herpes zoster rash on tip/side of nose
- strong risk factor suggesting ocular involvement
- same day assessment by ophthalmology
what does strabismus mean
squint
what is a concominant squint
common squint due to imbalance of extra-ocular muscles
2 types:
- convergent squint (most common)
- divergent squint
screening test for a squint
corneal light reflection test
classification system for hypertensive retinopathy
Keith-Wagener Classification
Stage 1: narrowing of arterioles
Stage 2: arteriovenous nipping (arterioles cause compression of veins where they cross)
Stage 3: cotton wool spots, exudates, haemorrhages
Stage 4: papilloedema
1st line treatment option for allergic conjunctivitis
topical antihistamines
what 2 things does the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma aim to do
decrease aqueous humour production
induce pupil constriction
red-tinged vision with dark spots
vitreous haemorrhage
risk factors for vitreous haemorrhage
anti-coagulants
short sighted
diabetes
treatment of anterior uveitis
steroid eye drops + Mydriatic eye drops (e.g. cyclopentolate)
silver wiring
increased light reflex seen in hypertensive retinopathy
cobwebs in vision
vitreous haemorrhage
Horners syndrome + shoulder/arm pain is suggestive of what?
Pancoast syndrome
- malignant neoplasm of the lung
mechanism of timolol in the treatment of glaucoma
reduce aqueous production by ciliary body
contact lens wearer, recent fresh water swimming + pain out of proportion with clinical findings suggests what?
acanthamoebic keratitis
what screening is offered for glaucoma
annual screening for patients >40 with 1st degree relative with glaucoma
- strong hereditary component
where does the eye deviate in these squints
- esotropia
- exotropia
- hypertropia
- hypotropia
squints are classified as to where the affected eye deviates toward:
- esotropia = the nose
- exotropia = the temples
- hypertropia = superiorly
- hypotropia = inferiorly
hypermetropia is associated with which type of glaucoma
acute closed angle glaucoma
myopia is associated with which type of glaucoma
open angle glaucoma
treatment of herpes zoster opthalmicus
oral Aciclovir 7-10 days
most common cause of persistent watery eye in an infant
nasolacrimal duct obstruction
- caused by an imperforate membrane
tx of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants
nasolacrimal duct massage
what is hyphema
blood in anterior chamber of the eye
what is a complication of hyphema
raised IOP – glaucoma
- blood can cause blockage of aqueous humour drainage
is hypo or hyper calcaemia a risk factor for cataracts
hypocalcaemia is a risk factor for cataracts
