Pass Med Q's

Question 1

what is Hutchinsons sign

Answer 1

herpes zoster rash on tip/side of nose

• strong risk factor suggesting ocular involvement
• same day assessment by ophthalmology

Question 2

what does strabismus mean

Answer 2

squint

Question 3

what is a concominant squint

Answer 3

common squint due to imbalance of extra-ocular muscles
2 types:
- convergent squint (most common)
- divergent squint

Question 4

screening test for a squint

Answer 4

corneal light reflection test

Question 5

classification system for hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 5

Keith-Wagener Classification
Stage 1: narrowing of arterioles
Stage 2: arteriovenous nipping (arterioles cause compression of veins where they cross)
Stage 3: cotton wool spots, exudates, haemorrhages
Stage 4: papilloedema

Question 6

1st line treatment option for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 6

topical antihistamines

Question 7

what 2 things does the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma aim to do

Answer 7

decrease aqueous humour production

induce pupil constriction

Question 8

red-tinged vision with dark spots

Answer 8

vitreous haemorrhage

Question 9

risk factors for vitreous haemorrhage

Answer 9

anti-coagulants
short sighted
diabetes

Question 10

treatment of anterior uveitis

Answer 10

steroid eye drops + Mydriatic eye drops (e.g. cyclopentolate)

Question 11

silver wiring

Answer 11

increased light reflex seen in hypertensive retinopathy

Question 12

cobwebs in vision

Answer 12

vitreous haemorrhage

Question 13

Horners syndrome + shoulder/arm pain is suggestive of what?

Answer 13

Pancoast syndrome

- malignant neoplasm of the lung

Question 14

mechanism of timolol in the treatment of glaucoma

Answer 14

reduce aqueous production by ciliary body

Question 15

contact lens wearer, recent fresh water swimming + pain out of proportion with clinical findings suggests what?

Answer 15

acanthamoebic keratitis

Question 16

what screening is offered for glaucoma

Answer 16

annual screening for patients >40 with 1st degree relative with glaucoma
- strong hereditary component

Question 17

where does the eye deviate in these squints

• esotropia
• exotropia
• hypertropia
• hypotropia

Answer 17

squints are classified as to where the affected eye deviates toward:

• esotropia = the nose
• exotropia = the temples
• hypertropia = superiorly
• hypotropia = inferiorly

Question 18

hypermetropia is associated with which type of glaucoma

Answer 18

acute closed angle glaucoma

Question 19

myopia is associated with which type of glaucoma

Answer 19

open angle glaucoma

Question 20

treatment of herpes zoster opthalmicus

Answer 20

oral Aciclovir 7-10 days

Question 21

most common cause of persistent watery eye in an infant

Answer 21

nasolacrimal duct obstruction

- caused by an imperforate membrane

Question 22

tx of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants

Answer 22

nasolacrimal duct massage

Question 23

what is hyphema

Answer 23

blood in anterior chamber of the eye

Question 24

what is a complication of hyphema

Answer 24

raised IOP – glaucoma

- blood can cause blockage of aqueous humour drainage

Question 25

is hypo or hyper calcaemia a risk factor for cataracts

Answer 25

hypocalcaemia is a risk factor for cataracts