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Y5 Opthalmology > Pass Med > Flashcards

Pass Med Flashcards

1
Q

OA Glaucoma:

- Lantanaprost

A

Increases uveoscleral outflow

SE = brown pigmentation of iris

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2
Q

OA Glaucoma: beta blockers e.g. Timolol

A

Reduces aqueous productive

Avoid in asthma/heart block

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3
Q

OA Glaucoma: Brimodine

A

alpha2-adreno receptor agonist

reduce aqueous production and increase outflow

AVOID if taking tricyclics

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4
Q

OA Glaucoma: Dorzolamide

A

Carbonic

reduce aqueous production

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5
Q

Macular degeneration - Sx

A

Blurred/distorted vision

Straight lines appearing crooked/wavy

Central scotomas

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6
Q

Mac Degeneration - RF

A

Smoking, age, family history, female, sun exposure

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7
Q

Mac Degeneration - Fundoscopy Dry vs Wet

A

Dry = Drusen (yellow spots)

Wet = neovascularisation (worse prognosis)

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8
Q

Marcus Gunn Pupil

Associated condition?

A

Damage to afferent pathway (retina/optic nerve) = pupil of affected eye will abnormally dilate when light is shined into it

Assoc with Multiple sclerosis

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9
Q

Holmes-Aide’s pupil

A

Dilated, does not react to direct light

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10
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

Which Eye?
Which Assoc Condition

A

Constricted pupil, does not respond to light

Usually bilateral

Neurosyphilis
RARELY: diabetic neuropathy, not in the developed world

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11
Q

Flashes and Floaters ? DDx and Management

A

Vitreous Detachment- refer urgently to opthalmology

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12
Q

CN III Palsy

A

Abnormal H Test
- Double vision
Ptosis
Dilated pupil

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13
Q

CN IV Palsy

A

Superior Oblique

Abnormal H Test with double vision§

No change to eyelid or dilation of the pupil

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14
Q

CN VI palsy

A

Lateral Rectus
Unable to move eye laterally on H test
- Gives double vision

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15
Q

Mydriatic (dilated pupil) Causes

A

Atropine drops
Argyll Robertson
Holmes Aidie
CN III palsy

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16
Q

Tunnel Vision: Causes

A 
papilloedema
glaucoma
retinitis pigmentosa
choroidoretinitis
optic atrophy secondary to tabes dorsalis
hysteria
17
Q

Fundoscopy: Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

A

Cheese and tomato pizza

  • Sudden painless loss of vision
  • Severe retinal haemorrhages
18
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Grade I

A

Arteriolar narrowing and tortuosity

Increased light reflex - silver wiring

19
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Grade II

A

AV Nipping

20
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Grade III

A

Flame and Blot haemorrhages

Cotton Wool Haemorrhages

21
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Grade IV

A

Papilloedema

22
Q

Chronic Glaucoma

- Criteria (3)

A
  • Chronic high pressure in the eye
    <21 is normal, chronic = <30
  • Cupping of optic disc
  • Visual field changes (peripheral field defect)

If not screened, may not realise they have it as may have normal visual acquity

23
Q

Acute Glaucoma

A

Rapid rise in pressure

  • Eye pain, halos, warning signs
  • Pressures may be high 60s

Accurate measurement of pressures:

  • Applination tenometry
  • Fluorescene and local anaesthetic

Y5 Opthalmology (1 decks)

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