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Question Review > Pas test general question review > Flashcards

Pas test general question review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Halo sign

A

Ground glass opacities surrounding a mass or alveolar nodule - indicative of aspergillosis

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2
Q

What is the signet ring sign?

A

Enlarged bronchus compared to the pulmonary arteries - occurs in Bronchiectasis, normal people have similar sized PA and Bronchus

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3
Q

What is the atoll sign?

A

Not to be confused with the halo sign, it is in effect the reverse halo sign whereby ground glass opacities are surrounded by denser tissue - usually a sign of Pulmonary Zygomycosis (PZ) - worse than aspergillosis and important to note as it effects the treatment

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4
Q

What is the tree in bud sign?

A

Found in endobronchial TB or other endobronchial pathologies such as CF and viral pneumonia

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5
Q

Core features of ADHD

A
  • easily distracted
  • Hyperactive
  • Disrupts classmates
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6
Q

Syndromes and their associated heart defect

A
  • Turner and coarctation
  • Kartagener and dextrose
  • Marfanoid and aortic root dilation
  • Congenital rubella syndrome and PDA, PS and ASD
  • Downs and ASD/VSD
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7
Q

Coarctation of the aorta key facts

A
  • if severe causes heart failure and metabolic acidosis
  • PGE1 can be used to keep aorta open allowing left to right shunting while awaiting surgery
  • 4th and 6th arches issue
  • can present with AS/ bicuspid valve
  • MRI defitinitive investigation
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8
Q

Mitral stenosis is heard as a

A

Mid diastolic murmur (opening snap)

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9
Q

Pulmonary stenosis is heard as

A

Loud P2 - ejection systolic murmur

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10
Q

MVP is heardas

A
  • mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur
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11
Q

VSD is heard as

A

Pan-systolic murmur

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12
Q

RBBB is heard as

A

Wide splitting of the second heart sound

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13
Q

Malarie de roger

A

Haemdynamically insignificant VSD

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14
Q

WPW syndrome

A
  • delta wave in V1
  • SVT
  • congenital accessory conduction pathway
  • type A - positive R wave in V1
  • type B - negative R wave in V1
  • RF ablation is definitive treatment
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15
Q

What is the deficiency in TTP

A

ADAMTs13

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16
Q

Sheehan syndrome

A
  • hypopituitarism following childbirth

- will cause reduced prolactin, cortisol and the rest but will not effect aldosterone

17
Q

Blood supply of the left atrium

A

Circumflex

18
Q

SA nodal artery supplies…

A

SA node and arises from teh RCA in 60% of people and in 40% is supplied by the lCx

19
Q

Posterior interventricular branch supplies and comes from

A

The two ventricles and interventricular septum and derives from the RCA

20
Q

Management of reifenstein (partial androgen insensitivity syndrome) syndrome

A

Non-pharmacological: explain condition, genetic counselling, psychological support

Pharmacological: TRT

Surgical: removal of testes post puberty when feminisation is complete, this reduced testicular cancer risk

21
Q

What is PIS/ reifenstein syndrome?

A
  • PAIS - is an x linked disorder where’re the growing reproductive organs and genitals are affected
  • occurs in men 46 XY
  • very rare
22
Q

What can be graded using the LOs Angeles classification ?

A
  • Oesophagitis
  • grades are as follows:

A- one or more muscular breaks less than or equal to 5mm

B - musical breaks greater than 5mm but with no conituity across mucosal folds

C- breaks span across two mucosal folds, but less than 75% of oesophageal circumference

D- mucosal breaks with over 75% of oesophagus circumference

23
Q

Sentinel pile

A

External lump/skin rage found on the anus which is associated with chronic anal fissures

24
Q

Myomalacia cordis

A
  • 3-14 days post MI where there is softening of the dead muscles leafing to rupture and death
25
Q

Drugs that worsen heart failure

A
  • NSAIDS
  • Central CCBS
    Chemo
26
Q

Pathognomonic:

  • vasculopath
  • procedure 2-3 days ago
  • acute renal failure
  • potentially mottled lower limbs

Diagnosis?

A

Cholesterol embolism

27
Q

Pneumothorax management: primary (no underlying lung disease)

A
  • no clinical distress and less than 2cm: no therapy is needed, give supplementary o2, with a follow up car
  • breathless or large >2cm: o2, percutaneous need aspiration, insert IV cannula into pleural space, if that fails then insert chest tube or a small bore cat here
28
Q

Secondary pneumothorax management or pt above the age of 50

A
  • small (less than 1cm) and no breathlessness: O2 and obs in hospital
  • moderate: 1-2 and no breathless: O2, obs, percutaneous needle aspiration, chest tube, suction

Large >2cm or breathless: pleurodesis, obs, O2, chest tube and suction

29
Q

Borders of the inguinal canal

A
  • floor - inguinal ligament (lacunar medially)
  • ceiling - (lateral to medial) transverse abdominis, internal oblique, conjoint tendon
  • anterior wall - mostly external oblique
  • posterior wall - transversalis fascia
  • medial opening - superficial inguinal ring
  • lateral opening - deep inguinal ring

Question Review (3 decks)

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