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Mycology and Virology > Parvo Virus, PaPoVa Virus, and Adenovirus > Flashcards

Parvo Virus, PaPoVa Virus, and Adenovirus Flashcards

1
Q

these three are considered DNA viruses

A
  • Parvo
  • PaPoVa
  • Adeno
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2
Q

what does PaPoVa mean

A
  • Papilloma
  • Polyoma
  • Vacuolating
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3
Q

characteristics of Parvo virus

A
  • single stranded
  • naked
  • icosahedral
  • linear
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4
Q

T or F:

Parvo virus is the only single stranded DNA virus

A

true

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5
Q

characteristics of PaPoVa virus

A
  • double stranded
  • naked
  • icosahedral
  • circular
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6
Q

characteristics of Adenovirus

A
  • double stranded
  • naked
  • icosahedral
  • linear
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7
Q

this is what makes the PaPoVa virus and Adenovirus different

main difference

A

shape - PaPoVa is circular; Adeno is linear

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8
Q

who discovered the Parvo virus?

A

Yvonne Cossart

in the 1970s

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9
Q

this is a Latin word from which Parvo virus originated from; it means small

A

parvum

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10
Q

this is the smallest animal virus

A

Parvo virus

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11
Q

this is the only known human parvo virus

A

Parvo virus B-19

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12
Q

Parvo Virus

steps in the viral replication of Parvo virus

A
  1. virion attaches to a host cell
  2. virion penetrates cell and its DNA is uncoated
  3. once uncoated, mRNA undergoes early transcription and translation - enzymes are synthesized
  4. late transcription - DNA is replicated
  5. late translation - capsid porteins are synthesized
  6. virions mature
  7. virions are released (in the circulation for viral multiplication and infection)
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13
Q

it is the causative agent of fifth disease

A

Parvo virus

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14
Q

other term for Fifth disease

A

erythema infectiosum

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15
Q

characteristics of the Fifth disease

A
  • slapped cheeks
  • blotchy rashes
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16
Q

cells affected in erythema infectiosum

A

endothelial cells

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17
Q

this is when the blood picture exhibit normocytic and normochromic but the RBC precursors develops sickle cell anemia or undergo sickling and hemolytic anemia or the RBCs start to hemolyze

the RBC does not reach its 120 days life span

caused by Fifth disease

A

aplastic crisis

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18
Q

it is a complication of the Fifth disease: hemolytic disease of newborns

A

hydrops fetalis

this is fatal and can lead to miscarriage (during first trimester)

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19
Q

T or F:

in Fifth disease, 50% of childbearing age are susceptible

A

true

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20
Q

mode of transmission of Fifth disease

A
  • respiratory route (close contact)
  • blood products
  • factor VIII and IX concentrates
  • transplacental/vertical transmission (from mother to baby)
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21
Q

Parvovirus Pathogenesis

where does Parvo virus enter

A

respiratory tract

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22
Q

Parvovirus Pathogenesis

2 kinds of replication that can occur

A

local and viral replication

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23
Q

Parvovirus Pathogenesis

if the virus takes the local replication route and enters the blood, what does it result to

A
  • rash
  • arthralgia (muscle pain)

it may also undergo viral replication in the upper respiratory tract

this is manifested by cough, difficulty in breathing, cold, and fever

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24
Q

Parvovirus Pathogenesis

what happens if the virus takes the viral replication route in the erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow

A

it may go to either a normal host or an immunocompromised host

the lifespan of RBCs is also decreased

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25
Q

Parvovirus Pathogenesis

what happens if the virus affects a normal host

A

it would result to slight drop on the hemoglobin level or slight anemia

does not need any intervention

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26
Q

Parvovirus Pathogenesis

what happens if the virus affects an immunocompromised host

a host with chronic hemolytic anemia

A

it would lead to a life threathening aplastic crisis

it would affect the internal organs or result to chronic anemia

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27
Q

Clinical Picture of Parvo Virus

the start of erythema infectiosum - aplastic crisis may coincide with this symptom on the 8th day

A

malaise

body weakness

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28
Q

Clinical Picture of Parvo Virus

during this day, there are no signs and symptoms

A

0th-6th day

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29
Q

Clinical Picture of Parvo Virus

this is the days when the symptoms start to show

A

2nd-4th day

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30
Q

Clinical Picture of Parvo Virus

this is the day when the increase of virus in the blood starts (viremia)

A

6th day

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31
Q

Clinical Picture of Parvo Virus

this is when the viremia starts to drop down

A

10th-12th day

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32
Q

Clinical Picture of Parvo Virus

this is after antigen initiation, where antibodies will now increase and plateau

A

16th day

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33
Q

describe the rashes on Fifth disease patients

A

blotchy or raised red rash

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34
Q

diagnostic tests done for Parvo virus

A
  • serologic and DNA tests
  • presence of IgM
  • PCR or viral DNA from blood sample and amniotic fluid (for fetus)
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35
Q

this is first defined for PaPoVa viruses

A

transcriptional enhancers

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36
Q

this is a virus that uses host cell DNA polymerase to replicate genome

A

PaPoVa virus

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37
Q

viruses under PaPoVa

A
  • HPV - human papilloma virus
  • Polyoma
  • JCV
  • BKV
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38
Q
A
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39
Q

this is a double stranded DNA, icosahedral, naked virus that has 72 capsomers and 2 capsid proteins, 1 major L1 gene and 1 minor L2 gene

A

Papilloma virus

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40
Q

this virus undergoes tropism for squamous epithelial cells

A

Papilloma virus

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41
Q

manifestation of Papilloma virus

A

warts

on the fingers, sole, face, and other parts of the body

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42
Q

Papilloma virus

term for common warts

A

verrucae vulgaris

43
Q

Papilloma virus

term for plantar warts

A

verrucae plantaris

44
Q

Papilloma virus

term for flat warts

A

verrucae planta

45
Q

it is an important virus in the new era of cancer causing diseases

A

Papilloma virus

46
Q

cervical cancer is most commonly caused by what type of human papilloma virus

A

HPV 16 and 18

47
Q

this is the most common type of cervical cancer

A

squamous cell cancer of the cervix

48
Q

other types of cancer under papilloma virus

A
  • vulvar cancer
  • penile cancer
49
Q

these are ano-genital warts

A

condylomata acuminata

50
Q

most common HPV that causes warts in the genitals and anus

A

HPV 6 and 11

51
Q

mode of transmission of HPV

A
  • direct contact
  • sexual contact - for genital warts
52
Q

site of latency

A

epithelial tissue

53
Q

HPV types and disorders

this type of HPV causes plantar and common warts

A

HPV-1, -2, -4

54
Q

HPV types and disorders

this type of HPV causes skin cancer

A

HPV-5 and -8

55
Q

HPV types and disorders

this type of HPV causes genital warts and respiratory papilloma

A

HPV-6 and -11

56
Q

HPV types and disorders

this type of HPV causes common warts

57
Q

HPV types and disorders

this type of HPV causes anogenital malignancies

A

HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -45, -56

58
Q

how are warts removed

A

electrocautery

59
Q

diagnosis for HPV

A
  • serology
  • PCR - DNA
  • biopsy
60
Q

treatment for HPV

A
  • surgery
  • laser / electrocautery
  • cryosurgery
  • topical ointments (Podophyllin and Idoxuridine)

topical ointments are no longer common, electrocautery is most common

61
Q

characteristics of Polyoma virus

A
  • double stranded
  • naked
  • icosahedral
  • virus
62
Q

who isolated Murine polyomavirus in 1953

from leukemia in mice

A

Ludwig Gross

63
Q

why is it name polyoma virus

A

caused solid tumors at multiple sites

64
Q

viruses under Polyoma

A
  • BK virus
  • JC virus
65
Q

this virus is isolated by Gardner et al from urine of patient after a kidney transplant

66
Q

BK virus is most common in what patients

A

immunosuppresed kidney transplant patients

67
Q

what disease does BK virus cause

A

renal disease

68
Q

in children, what disease does BK virus cause

A

mild respiratory disease

69
Q

this virus is isolated by Padget et al in 1971 from the brain tissue

70
Q

what does the JC virus affect

A

central nervous system, specifically the brain

71
Q

what disease does JC virus cause

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

72
Q

it is a rare disease involving plaques of demyelination or inflammation in the CNS

oligodendrocytes from these lesions are infected with JC virus

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

73
Q

Polyoma Virus Pathogenesis

manner of transmission

A

inhalation; inoculation into the respiratory tract

74
Q

Polyoma Virus Pathogenesis

what happens when JCV or BKV affects an immunocompetent individual

A

the virus will be latent indefinitely in the kidney

the virus will just reside in the kidney and will not affect it

75
Q

Polyoma Virus Pathogenesis

what happens when JCV or BKV affects an immunodeficient patient

A

there is a reactivation - it allows the virus to multiply

76
Q

Polyoma Virus Pathogenesis

during reactivation in an immunodeficient patient, where does BKV mutiply

A

urinary tract

77
Q

Polyoma Virus Pathogenesis

what disease does BKV cause

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

78
Q

Polyoma Virus Pathogenesis

during reactivation in an immunodeficient patient, what does JCV affect

79
Q

this is a virus that is ubiquitous in humans and not have been associated to disease

A

SV-40 virus - vacuolating virus

80
Q

where does SV-40 virus reside

A

in the brain

associated with rare encephalopathy in immunocompromised indivs

81
Q

it is isolated by Sweet and Hilleman in the 1960 in primary monkey kidney cell cultures being used to grow the Sabin OPV vaccine

A

SV-40 virus / vacuolating virus

82
Q

the name of this virus originated from the Greek word ‘adenas’

A

Adenovirus

83
Q

what does the Greek word ‘adenas’ mean

A

gland

this is the site from which the virus was initially isolated

84
Q

this virus has fibers protruding from capsid which facilitate binding on to the host

A

Adenovirus

85
Q

all human Adenoviruses share a common group-specific antigen called

A

Hexon

this is a cross-reactive protein

86
Q

Adenoviruses were first isolated from what tissues

A

adenoid tissues

87
Q

how many distinct antigen types have been isolated from humans and animals for Adenovirus

A

at least 49 types

88
Q

Adenovirus causes latent infection in what areas

A

tonsils and adenoids

89
Q

outbreak for Adenovirus usually occur here

A

military recruitment camps

90
Q

Adenovirus Pathogenesis

how does Adenovirus spread

A
  • direct contact
  • respiratory droplets
  • fecal oral
91
Q

Adenovirus Pathogenesis

adenovirus infect and replicate in the epithelial cells of what areas?

A
  • pharynx
  • conjunctiva
  • urinary bladder
  • small intestine
92
Q

Adenovirus Pathogenesis

T or F: adenovirus does not spread beyond the regional lymph nodes

A

true - unless host is immunocompromised

93
Q

this virus has a tendency to become latent in lymphoid tissue but can be reactivated by immunosuppresion

A

Adenovirus

94
Q

it is the #1 cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

95
Q

serotype of adenovirus that causes acute respiratory disease (ARD)

A

serotypes 3, 4, 7, 21

96
Q

serotype of adenovirus that causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

A

serotypes 8 and 19

97
Q

serotype of adenovirus that causes hemorrhagic cystitis

A

serotypes 11 and 21

98
Q

serotype of adenovirus that causes infantile gasteroenteritis

A

serotypes 40 and 41

99
Q

laboratory diagnosis for adenovirus

direct detection methods

A
  • virus particle by electromicroscopy - direct examination of fecal extracts
  • adenovrial antigens by ELISA
  • adenoviral NA by PCR
  • cell culture
100
Q

characteristic of adenovirus in cell culture

A

grape like cytopathic effect

101
Q

media used for cell culture of adenovirus

A
  • HEK
  • PMKC
  • Hep-2
  • KB
  • HeLa
102
Q

Isolation

virus may be recovered from where

A
  • throat
  • conjunctival swabs
  • urine
103
Q

T or F:

isolation is much more difficult compared to the stool or rectal swabs

but is still possible

Mycology and Virology (1 decks)

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