Party Ideologies - New Labour Flashcards
We are facing an end to Ideology?
Bell 1961
Ideology is a weapon?
Dommett
What is ideological Quietism and who came up with it?
Dommett and it is when a party suppress their ideology within their rhetoric
Link Ideological Quietism with who?
Corbyn
What did Dommett find?
The level of communication of ideology itself has dropped this does not mean that ideology itself has dropped
Blair was under ideological hegemony that Thatcher has set up, who?
Kenny and Smith
What explains the change in Blair’s ideology according to Kenny and Smith?
A combination of structural and agent based issues
New Labour signifies a death of traditional Labour?
Jacques
Smith and Kenny about the death of Old Labour?
he reorganised traditional belief rather than putting them to rest totally
M. Freeden, about New Labour?
Bends traditional Labour concepts to fit with a Conservative outlook
Why did Ed Miliband win his leadership election, and who?
Hickson and Beech - he won because he was not associated with New Labour
Criticism on how Ed Miliband won?
He won with a really small majority
Who came up with Blue Labour?
Glasman
Who came up with Purple Book?
Philpott and the think tank ‘Progress’
Family, Faith and Flag?
Blue Labour
New Labour was essential for the survival of the party?
Richards
How does purple book criticism Blue Labour?
Too nostalgic
What is the similarities between Purple Book and Blue Labour? Who?
Beech and Hickson - both emphasis localism
Rutherfod on Blue Labour?
Party of the market not the state - too focused on the economy
According to Beech and Hickinson, which is better for the future of Labour? and Why?
Neither as both are too critical on the state and voters don’t like this
What were Shaws 5 values of core Labour?
- Social justice
- Rights to work
- Social equality
- Labour protection
- Social solidarity and collective risk protection
What was the traditional Labour approach to Social Justice?
For each person to have a descent living standard and good economic welfare
What is the New Labour approach to Social Justice?
Combating social exclusion and poverty through bringing the poorest up
How successful were New Labour and combatting poverty? and evaluation.
1 million decrease in Blair 1st term. - however this was prosperous economic times
Evaluation of social justice and New Labour?
Doesn’t fit with the tradition of redistribution of wealth and equality
Traditional approach to the right to work?
It was based of Keynesian economics and full employment
What is the evaluation of Keynesian economics in modern times? Who?
Inherently unstable and wouldn’t work with the current level of neoliberalism - Shaw
What does Shaw say about unemployment currently and how New Labour faced it?
Thatcher cured it, now it is just a supply issue?
How did New Labour tackle unemployment? (3)
- Increased education
- Tax system which rewards you for working
- Combat a dependency based culture
Evaluation of unemployment tackling by New Labour?
- Education - equaliser?
- Tax - unequaliser?
- Dependency based culture - goes against solidarity, and fits with the Conservative distrust of human nature
Traditional Labour and social equality?
The only legitimate inequalities in income and wealth are with those who have required skills - redistribution of wealth and nationalisation
Social equality was the characteristic aspect of socialist thought?
Crosland
New Labour attitude to Social equality?
Rejection of social equality in favour of equality of opportunity with an aim to create upward social mobility
Why did New Labour favour equality of opportunity over equality? Who?
Felt like it should reward business and upper income earners, Shaw
Evaluation of Equality of opportunity and rewarding big business?
The inequality in the structural design, set up by Thatcher
Traditional Labour view on labour protection?
Aim was to relive labours status as a commodity
New Labour view on labour protection?
Thatchers TU law remained however tighter up laws on individual workers - say it has a more flexible job market now
Traditional Labour views on social solidarity and collective risk protection?
Led to social developments such as the welfare state motives of altruism opposing capitalism
New Labour views on social solidarity and collective risk protection?
This was the idea with the biggest difference - Blair wanted a unified social set of morals however wanted people to take responsibility for their own lives
Blair quote:
In a modernised social democracy, passionate in its commitment to social justice and the goals of the centre left, but flexible innovative and forward looking in the means to achieve them’
Was Corbyn supposed to win, who?
No, he was supposed to widen the debate but demonstrate that we need a new generation of modern labour - Crines
Crines about the ideology of Labour?
Labour is and always was only defined by their dislike of Toryism
How do Labour achieve their goals?
They have always been divided.
Evaluation on how Labour achieve their goals?
They have clear goal must be more than keeping out the Torys therefore his last comment is redundant!
Labours change?
Renewal and change are as fundamental to labours life blood as the tory need to be economically liberal
Votes for Corbyn in the election?
59.9%
What did Corbyn do in the hustings?
Outlined his distrust of capitalism, trident and accepted the failings of the Iraq war
Who said Blair was a continuation of Thatcher?
Hay and Heffernan
What core Labour policies did New Labour reject?
Strong relationship with trade unions, Keynesian economics, public ownership and universalism in welfare protection
What Thatcherite policies did New Labour uphold?
- Control on inflation
- Lower rate of income tax
- Privatisation
- Flexible labour markets
- Importance of financial services
Coates?
New Labours is culmination of Labours long term accommodation to capitalism
What is Triangulation?
Combines elements of Thatcherism (predecessor) and social democracy (the opponents ideology) and their own ideology
Examples of triangulation?
Rights (traditional labour) and responsibilities (thatcher)
Economic efficiency and social justice
When did Blair stand down?
2007
What event caused the death of New Labour?
2008 recession
What does the purple book think?
Blairites - focus on regaining reputation for economic competence, localism and public services
Evaluation of purple book?
Link with valence issues
Blue Labour?
Social conservatism, lost support because its gone to UKIP, localism and cooperatives
Bair could have been a one nation Conservative however…. (who?)
This fails to recognise his other political aspirations - Kenny and Smith
Kenny and Smith about what New Labour wanted to do to the Capitalist system?
They no longer wanted to transform it, rather wanted to protect certain interests within it
Kenny and Smith in response to Jacques?
This is a hasty judgement and does not consider things in enough detail
Where did Blair propose that voters need to be more realistic?
The Guardian, 1995
What caused the solidarity among the working classes?
Poverty
What is the purpose of using Localism as part of the ideology?
It undermines the Conservative focus on ‘Big Society’
What did Shaw say about Blair’s commitment to lowering levels of poverty?
He said that it was just as much as traditional Labour
How much difference did Blair’s government make to the level of poverty?
Some commentators say that it was more than any other Labour government.
Crines, about how Labour are unified?
They are only unified against the horrific extremes of free market capitalism.
Crines about Corbyn…
“His vision of renewal must strive to take older ideas of equality of income and make them relevant to an electorate who have grown accustom to neoliberalism in every facet of society”
What did people like Hay and Heffernan say about New Labour?
it was a continuation of Thatcherism through embracing neoliberalism and rejecting a social democratic alternative through their political choice
Evaluation of the continuation of Thatcherism?
Compare the political choice with that it was essential for the survival of the party - Richards
What was the Third Way?
It was a concept adopted by Blair and Giddens, and it combined a statist democracy and neoliberal individualism
After 2008 what Economic strategy did Labour adopt?
Neo-Keynesian
What is Pre-distribution?
As redistribution of wealth is unforeseeable in modern society, it is focused on tackling inequalities earlier in life
