Parturition Flashcards
__________ a.k.a. bringing forth of young Phases
Parturition
WHat is the first phase of parturition?
: - a prelude to—first phase
What is the second phase of parturition?
- the preparation for—second phase
What is the thrid phase of parturition?
- the process of—third phase -
What is the fourth phase of parturiotion
recovery from—fourth phase
____________
- uterus must initiate extensive changes in its size and vascularity to accommodate the pregnancy and prepare for uterine contractions in phase 3 of parturition
Uterine Quiescence
- some myometrial contractions are noted during the quiescent phase, they do not normally cause cervical dilatation . What type of contraction is this?
o unpredictability
o low intensity
o brief duration
____________contraction is a discomfort that they produce usually is confined to the lower abdomen and groin
- Braxton Hicks
Is there a contraction in the first phase of parturition?
yes there is but it doesnt lead to dilation
What are the function of cervix in pregnancy?
Cervix has multiple function in pregnancy
- maintenance of barrier function to protect the reproductive tract from infection,
- maintenance of cervical competence despite the increasing gravitational forces imposed by the expanding uterus
- orchestrating extracellular matrix changes that allow progressive increases in tissue compliance in preparation for birth.
What happens at the- End of pregnanc with our cervix? -
cervix is easily distensible, and its consistency is similar to the lips of the oral cavity
o ____________ - is characterized by an increase in tissue compliance, yet the cervix remains firm and unyielding
Softening
Structural Changes with Softening
- Cervical softening results from
o increased vascularity
o stromal hypertrophy
o glandular hypertrophy and hyperplasia
o compositional or structural changes of the extracellular matrix -
Phase 1 of parturition o cervix begins a slow, progressive increase in turnover of matrix components
o change in collagen processing or a change in the number or type of covalent cross-links between collagen triple helices which are normally required for stable collagen fibril formation
Describe phase 1
Phase 1
Quiescent
Contraction Unresponsive
Cervical softening
Describe phase 2
ACtivation
Preparation for labor
Cervical Ripening
______________ - process constitutes phase 2 and represents a progression of uterine changes during the last 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy
Uterine awakening or activation
The last few hours of human pregnancy are characterized by forceful and painful uterine contractions that effect cervical dilatation and cause the fetus to descend through the birth canal.
There are extensive preparations in both the_________________ long before this.
uterus and cervix
During the first ____________- of normal gestation, the myometrium is in a preparatory yet unresponsive state.
36 to 38 weeks
Concurrently, the cervix begins an early stage of remodeling— termed_____________—yet maintains structural integrity.
softening
Following this prolonged uterine quiescence, there is a transitional phase during which myometrial unresponsiveness is suspended, and the cervix undergoes ___________, _____________ and ______________
ripening, effacement, and loss of structural integrity.
It is clear, however, that labor onset represents the culmination of a series of biochemical changes in the uterus and cervix. These result from _________________________
Their relative contributions vary between species, and it is these differences that complicate elucidation of the exact factorsthat regulate human parturition.
endocrine and paracrine signals emanating from both mother and fetus.
When parturition is abnormal,then_________, ____________ and ____________ may result.
preterm labor, dystocia, or postterm pregnancy
Of these results when partuition is abnormal ,_____________remains the major contributorn to neonatal mortality and morbidity in developed countries.
preterm labo
The bringing forth of young—_____________—requires wellorchestrated transformations in both uterine and cervical function. As shown in Figure 21-1,
parturition