Parts Of The Cell

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

• membrane bound spherical sac
• houses most dna to maintain cells structure and function

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

• thread like structures located inside the nucleus
• made up of protein and dna, contains genetic information for growth survival and reproduction

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

• mass of genetic material that condense to form chromosomes during cell division
• compresses dna into a compact unit to fit nucleus

Question 4

Nuclear membrane

Answer 4

• a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm, made of phospholipid bilayer
• barrier prevents the free passage of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 5

Nuclear pores

Answer 5

• protein lined channel in the nuclear envelope
• regulates transportation of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

• spherical structure in nucleus with no limiting membrane
• produces and assembles cells ribosomes, ribosomal rna genes transcribed here

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

• gel like fluid inside cell
• provides medium for chemical reactions and a platform for other organelles to operate on

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

• network of different protein fibres, looks like double helix
• maintains or changes shape of cell, secures some organelles in specific positions and enables movement of cytoplasm and vesicles within the cell, enables movement in response to stimuli

Question 9

Microfilaments

Answer 9

• 2 strands of actin monomers twisted helically
• generates forces used in cellular contraction and basic cell movement

Question 10

Microtubules

Answer 10

• cylindrical she’ll of a protein, forms tight dimeric complex and stacks
• provides mechanical support, organisation of cytoplasm, transport, motility, chromosomal segregation

Question 11

Intermediate filaments

Answer 11

• small rod like strands signed in a staggered array, they twist to form rope structure
• durable so used to create cell cohesion and prevent fractures of epithelial cells under tension

Question 12

Centrosome

Answer 12

• comprised of 2 structurally similar microtubules
• organises microtubules and provides cell structure, pulls apart chromatids in cell division

Question 13

Centriole

Answer 13

• barrel shaped organelle, 9 circularly arranged triplet microtubules
• organises microtubules that serve as skeletal system, determines location of nucleus and other organelles

Question 14

Pericentriolar material

Answer 14

• highly structured dense mass of protein so makes up centromeres
• regulates organelle trafficking protein degradation and spindle assembly

Question 15

Cilia

Answer 15

• small slender hair like structures
• move microbes and built up debris

Question 16

Flagella

Answer 16

• slender hair like structures
• spins to create forward movement

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

• largest structure in eukaryotic cells, range of interconnected shapes, lumen and closed by a membrane
• Involved in calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, detoxifies toxins in the body

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

• central Intracellular membrane bound organelle, stack of small flat sacs
• involved in protein trafficking, processing and sorting newly synthesised proteins and lipids

Question 19

Lysosome

Answer 19

• small so where’s make up of bilayer enclosing fluid containing hydrolytic enzymes
• acts as digestive system of cell, degrading material outside and inside the cell

Question 20

Mitchochondria

Answer 20

• round, oval organelle with gel like material called matrix
• produces energy (atp)

Question 21

Plasma membrane

Answer 21

• comprised of phospholipid bilayer
• semi permeable bilayer seepages interior of cell to outside, regulates transport in and out of cell