Parts of Speech / Word Classes Flashcards
Māori kupu for noun, verb, etc
rerenga kōrero
sentence
e.g. kei te oma koe
rārangi
line
whiti
paragraph; verse
āputa
space; interval; gap
whārangi
page
ūpoko; wāhanga
chapter
taitara; ingoa
title
pū tohu wā
e.g. kei te oma koe
time aspect/tense marker
e.g. KEI TE oma koe
tūingoa
e.g. He whero te pōro
noun
e.g. He whero te PŌRO
kaimahi
e.g. kei te oma koe
doer; actor; agent
e.g. kei te oma KOE
(You are the doer of the action.)
tūpou
e.g. I haere rātou ki te tāone.
pronoun
e.g. I haere RĀTOU ki te tāone.
Pronouns are words that are used in place of nouns or noun phrases to avoid repetition or to refer to something already mentioned
tūmoko
e.g. I karanga a Hoani ki te manuhiri.
personal noun
e.g. I karanga a HOANI ki te manuhiri.
Personal pronouns are a specific type of pronoun that refers to a particular person or group of people
tūwāhi
e.g. Kei te noho te kurī i te taiwhanga
locative noun
e.g. Kei te noho te kurī i te TAIWHANGA
tūingoa kurehu
e.g. He nui te aroha o te whānau
abstract noun
e.g. He nui te AROHA o te whānau.
Abstract nouns represent intangible things, ideas, concepts, emotions, or qualities that exist in the mind but not in a physical form. e.g. Love is an abstract noun.
aronga
e.g. Kei te kai te ngeru i te ika
focus; subject; object of the action
e.g. Kei te kai te ngeru i te IKA (Ika is the focus or object of the action.)
aronga nui; aronga tuatahi
e.g. Kei te kai koe i te parāoa
main focus; subject (first focus)
e.g. Kei te kai KOE i te paraoa.
aronga tuarua
e.g. Kei te kai koe i te parāoa
secondary focus; object
e.g. Kei te kai koe i te PARĀOA.
tūmahi
e.g. Kei te oma koe.
verb
e.g. Kei te OMA koe.
tūmahi wheako
e.g. I rongo koe i te tangi o te manu.
experiential verb
Describes a verb that names a mental state, attitude, perception, or experience, with the object of the sentence being the source of that experience
e.g. I RONGO koe i te tangi o te manu. (Rongo is an experiential verb because it relates to sensing.)
tūmahi whiti
e.g. Kei te kai koe i te āporo.
transitive verb
e.g. Kei te KAI koe i te āporo. (Kai is a transitive verb because it requires an object.)
tūmahi whiti kore; tūmahi poro
e.g. Kei te oma koe.
intransitive verb
e.g. Kei te OMA koe. (Oma is an intransitive verb as it doesn’t require an object.)
tūāhua
e.g. He nui te whare.
adjectives & statives
e.g. He NUI te whare. (Nui is an adjective describing the size of the house.)
tūahua noa
e.g. He kōwhai te tae o te rākau.
inert/static stative
A static stative refers to verbs that describe states of being or unchanging conditions rather than actions or processes.
e.g. He KŌWHAI te tae o te rākau.
tūahua whēako
e.g. Kua wera te wai i te ahi.
dynamic stative
Showing change or process.
e.g. Kua WERA te wai i te ahi.
(Wera is a dynamic stative showing the water has become hot.)
tūāhua whiti
e.g. Kua makona te pēpi i te wai.
neuter / stative verbs
e.g. Kua MAKONA te pēpi i te wai.
Stative verbs describe a state, situation, or condition, rather than an action or process. Makona = satisfied
pū rohe mua
e.g. Āpōpō ka haere koe ki te kura.
pre-posed periphery particle (appears at the start)
e.g. ĀPŌPŌ ka haere koe ki te kura. (Āpōpō is a pre-posed particle indicating when the action will happen.)
pū rohe muri
e.g. Ka haere koe ki te kura āpōpō
post-posed periphery particle
(appears at the end)
e.g. Ka haere koe ki te kura ĀPŌPŌ. (Āpōpō is a post-posed particle indicating when the action will happen.)
tūpātai
e.g. He aha tō mahi?
interrogative (question word)
e.g.HE AHA tō mahi? (He aha is an interrogative asking “what is your work?”)
