Parts Of Speech ( language arts, writing) Flashcards
Parts of speech
A part of speech is a group of words that are used in a certain way. For example, “run,” “jump,” and “be” are all used to describe actions/states. Therefore they belong to the VERBS group.
In other words, all words in the English language are divided into eight different categories. Each category has a different role/function in the sentence.
The English parts of speech are:
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.
Noun
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, quality, animal, idea or activity.
For example:
Person — Maria
Place — West Virginia
Thing — Desk
Quality — Width
Animal — Dog
Idea — Independence
Activity — Navigation
Example sentence: People like to go to the beach.
Emma passed the test.
My parents are traveling to Japan next
month.
Abstract noun
An abstract noun is a word that names something that you cannot see, hear, touch, smell, or taste. using these five senses.
It is the opposite of a concrete noun.
Idea Emotion
Love happiness
intelligence anger
justice excitement
religion fear
time surprise
Hint: Remember, pronouns are not nouns
Concrete noun
Concrete nouns name people, places, or things that you can touch, see, hear, smell, or taste.
Person Place Thing
man river dog
Mrs. Jones Paris book
doctor mountains sports car
Maddie home Ferrari
Collective noun
A collective noun names a group of people, thing or animals.
Examples: family
flock
crowd
Singular noun
A singular noun names one person, place, or thing.
Examples: Manager
Manual
Plural noun
A plural noun names more than one person, place, or things.
Examples: Team
files
Common and Proper
Common nouns name any person, place, thing, or idea. They are not capitalized unless they come at the beginning of a sentence.
Proper nouns are the names of specific people, places, things, or ideas. Proper nouns should always be capitalized.
Common Proper
boy James
river Mississippi River
car Ford
doctor Doctor Jefferson
town Rockledge
candy bar Baby Ruth
Hint: Don’t forget to capitalize all parts of proper nouns. Many people forget to capitalize words like river and country in proper nouns like Yellow River and Orange Country.
Pronouns
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns.
sometimes, we de not want to use a noun. so we us pronoun.
Example: Mark is in the kitchen. He is cooking.
Personal subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Mark does not like me.
Personal object pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Is that David’s car?
No, it is mine.
Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns.
1) The quality or type
Mark is driving a black car.
2) The size
Mark is driving a big car.
3) The number
Mark has several cars.
4) Possession
It is his car.
Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Verbs
Verbs are words that show an action:
Main verb - Mark drives a bus.
Auxiliary verb - Jane is drinking a cup of coffee.
We played football.
Verbs can also show a state: Mark is tired.
Jane was angry.
I feel ill.
Verbs have different tenses which indicate:
time ( past, present or future )
aspect ( completed or continous )
Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs:
Mark is running quickly. ( adverb of manner )
Jane never drinks coffee. ( adverb of frequency )
We will go there tomorrow. ( adverb of place )
Adverbs can also describe or modify other adverbs:
Mark is running quickly. > Mark is running very quickly.
Adverbs can also describe or modify adjectives:
Mark is tired. > Mark is very tired.
The car is expensive. > The car is too expensive.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses together.
Common examples: and, or, because, so, but, while, for.
I like cats and dogs.
The telephone rang while I was cooking dinner.
I am hungry but I don’t have any food.
Prepositions
Prepositions connect noun phrases to another part of the sentence.
Preposition means “place before “ It is usually before the noun phrase.
1) To describe place: Mark is in the kitchen.
The lamp is on the table.
2) To describe time: I am going to London for a week.
Please don’t talk during the lesson.
3) T describe method: I will send you the offer by email.
He gave me an answer in writing
Interjections
Interjections are small words without my real grammatical value.
Interjections express emotion.
Interjections are common in spoken English.
Brrr! It’s cold in here.
= to express feeling cold.
Danm! I missed the train.
= to express disappointment or frustration
Shh! Please don’t talk during the film.
= to ask people to be quiet.
Hurray! I won the lottery.
= to express feeling pleased.
