Parts Of Eukaryotic Cells

Question 0

Ribosomes

Answer 0

Function: Site of protein synthesis

Free ribosomes

Bound ribosomes

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Function: “Brain” controls all metabolic activities.

Contains: DNA/RNA
Chromatin
Chromosomes
Histones
Nucleolus

Question 2

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Function: Manufacture lipids. Detox drugs and poisons

Question 3

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Function: Manufacture and transport secretory proteins

Question 4

Golgi body

Answer 4

Function: Manufacture carbohydrates. Warehouse; store; shipping; receiving. Also modify proteins, carbs on proteins, and phospholipids.

Consists of the Cis face which is the receiving side of the GA, and the Trans face the shipping side of the GA.

Question 5

Lysosome

Answer 5

Contains 40 different hydrolytic enzymes. “Hydrolysis”.

Function: “Stomach of the cell” can get rid of damaged organelles.

Phagocytosis- engulfment of food particles or smaller cells.

Autophagy- lysosomes use their own enzymes to commit suicide.

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

(Large sac)
Function: for storage, water balance and growth.

The 3 types include

Food vacuoles- formed by phagocytosis
Contractile vacuoles- pump excess water out
Central vacuoles - found only in plant cells

Question 7

Mitochondrion

Answer 7

Powerhouse of the cell.
Function: Produce ATP by cellular respiration of glucose

Have own DNA
Consists of-
Cristae- folded up inner membrane
Mitochondrial matrix- inner compartment
Intermembrane space- space between the two membranes

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

(Plastid)
Function: Produce glucose
Site of photosynthesis. Found only in plant and plant like cells.
Has a green pigment from chlorophyll 
Have own DNA

Contain-
thylakoids- fattened inter connected sacs
Granuma- individual stack of thylakoids
Stroma- fluid in thylakoids

Question 9

Chromoplast

Answer 9

(Plastid)
Sacs that contain non photosynthetic pigments.
Ex. Blue, red, pink, yellow, etc…

Question 10

Amyloplast

Answer 10

(Plastid)
Function: Stores starch
Ex. Potato

Question 11

Peroxisome

Answer 11

Small sac that contains detox enzymes.

Function: Take out cellular trash. Detox alcohol.

Peroxidase- enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide.

Ex. Liver cells

Question 12

Parts of the endomembrane system

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Vacuoles (large vesicles)

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Contains- cisternae (compartments)

Lumen (cavity formed by the cisternae)

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Function: Support, and motility “ tracks to transport with”

Motor proteins- move proteins along cytoskeleton

Question 15

Microtubules

Answer 15

A. Centrisomes- microtubules grow out from here

B. Centrioles- found in animal cells. 9x3.

C. Cilia and flagella- 9+2 emerge from basal body (which is 9x3)

D. Vesicle transport- move along the tracks

Question 16

Microfilaments

Answer 16

A. Pseudopodia- “false feet” which enable ameboid movement.

B. Cytoplasmic streaming- circular flow of cytoplasm in cells

C. Microvillius- small cellular extensions that increase SA.

Question 17

Intermediate filaments

Answer 17

Girder and cable function. Anchor organelles into position “caging

Question 18

Cell walls

Answer 18

Not found in animal or animal like cells

Extra cellular- found outside plasma membrane

Middle lamella- plant cell “glue”. Found between plant cells

Question 19

Plant cell junctions

Answer 19

Plasmodesmata- channels between plant cells of plant tissues.

Question 20

Animal cell junctions

Answer 20

Gap junction- open channel between cells

Desmosomes- anchoring junction

Tight junction- create tight seals. Does not leak.

Question 21

Differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 21

Plants have cell walls, plastids, and one large central vacuole.

Animal cells have centrioles