Parts Of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Ribosomes
Function: Site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes
Bound ribosomes
Nucleus
Function: “Brain” controls all metabolic activities.
Contains: DNA/RNA Chromatin Chromosomes Histones Nucleolus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Function: Manufacture lipids. Detox drugs and poisons
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Function: Manufacture and transport secretory proteins
Golgi body
Function: Manufacture carbohydrates. Warehouse; store; shipping; receiving. Also modify proteins, carbs on proteins, and phospholipids.
Consists of the Cis face which is the receiving side of the GA, and the Trans face the shipping side of the GA.
Lysosome
Contains 40 different hydrolytic enzymes. “Hydrolysis”.
Function: “Stomach of the cell” can get rid of damaged organelles.
Phagocytosis- engulfment of food particles or smaller cells.
Autophagy- lysosomes use their own enzymes to commit suicide.
Vacuole
(Large sac)
Function: for storage, water balance and growth.
The 3 types include
Food vacuoles- formed by phagocytosis
Contractile vacuoles- pump excess water out
Central vacuoles - found only in plant cells
Mitochondrion
Powerhouse of the cell.
Function: Produce ATP by cellular respiration of glucose
Have own DNA Consists of- Cristae- folded up inner membrane Mitochondrial matrix- inner compartment Intermembrane space- space between the two membranes
Chloroplast
(Plastid) Function: Produce glucose Site of photosynthesis. Found only in plant and plant like cells. Has a green pigment from chlorophyll Have own DNA
Contain-
thylakoids- fattened inter connected sacs
Granuma- individual stack of thylakoids
Stroma- fluid in thylakoids
Chromoplast
(Plastid)
Sacs that contain non photosynthetic pigments.
Ex. Blue, red, pink, yellow, etc…
Amyloplast
(Plastid)
Function: Stores starch
Ex. Potato
Peroxisome
Small sac that contains detox enzymes.
Function: Take out cellular trash. Detox alcohol.
Peroxidase- enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
Ex. Liver cells
Parts of the endomembrane system
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles (large vesicles)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Contains- cisternae (compartments)
Lumen (cavity formed by the cisternae)
Cytoskeleton
Function: Support, and motility “ tracks to transport with”
Motor proteins- move proteins along cytoskeleton
Microtubules
A. Centrisomes- microtubules grow out from here
B. Centrioles- found in animal cells. 9x3.
C. Cilia and flagella- 9+2 emerge from basal body (which is 9x3)
D. Vesicle transport- move along the tracks
Microfilaments
A. Pseudopodia- “false feet” which enable ameboid movement.
B. Cytoplasmic streaming- circular flow of cytoplasm in cells
C. Microvillius- small cellular extensions that increase SA.
Intermediate filaments
Girder and cable function. Anchor organelles into position “caging
Cell walls
Not found in animal or animal like cells
Extra cellular- found outside plasma membrane
Middle lamella- plant cell “glue”. Found between plant cells
Plant cell junctions
Plasmodesmata- channels between plant cells of plant tissues.
Animal cell junctions
Gap junction- open channel between cells
Desmosomes- anchoring junction
Tight junction- create tight seals. Does not leak.
Differences between plant and animal cells
Plants have cell walls, plastids, and one large central vacuole.
Animal cells have centrioles
