Parts of DNA Flashcards
What are the parts of DNA?
(The Double Helix) DNA is made up of six smaller molecules – a five carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate molecule and four different nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine).
What is a nucleotide?
Nucleotide
noun
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
nucleotides have three parts: 1) a five carbon ribose sugar, 2) a phosphate molecule and 3) one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil.
How does sugar apply to DNA?
Sugar is a key role in DNA and is used in a single nucleotide along with triphosphate and a nitrogenous base. Sugars found in DNA are five-carbon sugars called ribosomes. Sugars also form the backbone of the DNA double helix.
How does phosphate apply to DNA?
The triphosphate is another key figure in a single nucleotide that is made up of a chain of three phosphates. Phosphates are used in DNA to bind sugars and the proteins that make up the DNA double helix.
What does 20 Angstroms equal?
2.E-19 (decimal to the left) meters
What is an Angstrom?
Angstrom
noun
a unit of length equal to one hundred-millionth of a centimeter, 10–10 meter, used mainly to express wavelengths and interatomic distances.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Hydrogen Bonds
noun
Hydrogen bonds determine how proteins fold, and forms DNA to a double helix. A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
What is a purine?
Purine
noun
A colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming uric acid on oxidation.
What are some examples of a purine?
Some examples are: hypoxanthine, xanthine, theobromine, caffeine, uric acid and isoguanine.
What is a pyrimidine?
Pyrimidine
noun
Pyrimidine is an organic crystalline compound that is colorless and is a heterocyclic compound. Pyrimidine is similar to another organic compound called pyridine.
What are some examples of a pyrimidine?
Some examples are: thiamine (vitamin B1), thymine, cytosine, uracil, and the two purine bases (adenine and guanine).
What is the difference between riboses and deoxyriboses?
Riboses are found in RNA
Deoxyriboses are found in DNA
What is a ribose?
Ribose
noun
a sugar of the pentose class that occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.
What is a deoxyribose?
Deoxyribose
noun
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.
