Parts Of Cells, reactions, carbohydrates, dehydration Flashcards
Ribonucleic acid (RNA):
a single-stranded genetic messenger that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Cell membrane:
a structure that surrounds
the cytoplasm of the cell and regulates the
movement of materials in and out of the cell
Lipids
A chemical group which includes fats and oils
Selectively permeable membrane
A barrier that allows some molecules to pass through but prevents other molecules from penetrating
Cell fractionation
The process by which cell components are separated by centrifugation
Radio isotopes
Unstable chemicals that omit burst of energy is they breakdown
Mitochondrion
Organelles that provide cells with forms of stored chemical energy
Cellular respiration
The total of the series of chemical processes by which nutrients is broken down and provided as energy
Adenosine triphosphate
A compound that temporarily stores chemical energy
Enzymes
Protein molecules that increase the rate at which biochemical reactions proceed
Amino acids
Organic chemicals that can be linked together to form proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Series of canals that transport materials through the cytoplasm
Exocytosis
Process by which particles are released from a cell by fusing a particle filled vesicles with the cell membrane
Endocytosis
The process by which the cell membrane wraps around the particle and pinches off a vesicle inside the cell
Vacuole
A large fluid compartment in the cytoplasm of a plant cell that stores sugars minerals proteins and water and it is important to maintaining turgor pressure
Turgor pressure
The pressure exerted by water against the cell membrane and the cell walls in plant cells
Chloroplasts
Plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll especially through photosynthesis
Chromoplasts
Plastids that contain orange and yellow pigments
Amyloplasts
Colourless plastids that store starch
Centriole pair
microtubules move the chromosomes around the cell during mitosis most importantly lining the chromosomes up at Metaphase
Cell theory
Smallest form of life
All living things are composed of one of more cells
New cells arose from pre-existing cells
ATP
A compound temporarily stores chemical energy
ADP
Organic compound in the metabolism and essentials of energy in living cells
What structures are present in animal cells but not in plant cells
Cell membrane centrioles smaller vacuoles, cilia and lysosomes
What structures are present in plant cells but not an animal cell
Cell wall, plastids, chloroplast,
Larger vacuoles.
Anaerobic respiration
The chemical process in which oxygen is used to produce energy from carbohydrates
Anaerobic respiration
A chemical process in which carbohydrates are partially broken down without using oxygen. A small amount of energy is produced in this manner
Cellular respiration components
O2+C6H12O6
produces
CO2 and H2O and energy
Photosynthesis components
CO2 and H2O and energy
Produces
O2+C6H12O6
Where is the energy produced by respiration stored
Mitochondrion
Carbohydrates
Organic molecule made up of
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Monosaccharide
Simplest form of carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
The carbohydrate made up of three or more monosaccharides
Disaccharide
The carbohydrate made it to monosaccharides
Dehydration synthesis
Reaction in which two or more molecules bond by losing one or more water molecules
Hydrolysis
The chemical reaction in which the interactions of water and a compound result in breaking up of that compound (water is added)
Simple vs compels carbohydrates
The chemical structure, reflect how quickly the sugar is digested and absorbed,
Carbohydrate functions
Provides energy and regulates blood glucose,
spares protein for energy,
breaks down fatty acids and prevents ketosis
biologically recognized process,
Adds flavour and sweetening
dietary fibers
Fats
Natural oily substance that occurs in animal surround organs and skin
Ribosomes
structures within the cell, where protein synthesis occur
