Parts of a Neuron

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

o Specialized cell of the nervous system that is used to detect information, transmit information, and affect muscles and glands

Question 2

Cell Body of Neuron

Answer 2

Soma

Question 3

Parts of the Neuron

Answer 3

dendrites, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, and terminal buttons

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

: receive messages from neighboring neurons
• Coated with receptors, so if chemical message nearby, dendrites will receive

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

conducts nerve impulse from the cell body to distance location

Question 6

Myelin Sheath

Answer 6

increase speed and efficiency of nerve impulse
• Can misfire
• Experience with tall people growing very quickly(body adjusting)

Question 7

Terminal Buttons

Answer 7

release chemical messages(neurotransmitters) onto neighboring dendrites
• Melatonin
• Serotonin
• Dopamine
• Glutenin

Question 8

The Neural Impulse

Answer 8

o Electrochemical Transmission: communication from nerve cell to nerve cell
 Electrical impulses
 chemical messages

Question 9

How does a neuron generate electricity?

Answer 9

 Charged Particles called Ions
• Ions are atoms
• Sodium= Na+
• Potassium= K+
• Chloride- Cl-

Question 10

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 10

• negative 70mv
  -difference in charge(voltage) of the cell membrane
  -Na+ ions more attracted to negative charge inside
• Na+ channels in axon membrane are closed

Question 11

Action Potential

Answer 11

brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon
- threshold: minimum stimulation needed to open Na+ channels
- 3 Steps: Na+ rushes in, K+ repelled by postively charges Na+ ions, and K+ rushes out

Question 12

Refractory period

Answer 12

o When so much potassium leaves, it cannot reproduce another action potential
 After a neuron fires there is a period of time when it cannot fire again

Question 13

All or None Law

Answer 13

if threshold is reached, a full action potential occurs; if threshold is not attained then no action potential will occur

Question 14

Synaptic Transmission ;What happens when the action potential reaches the terminal buttons at the end of the neuron?

Answer 14

o Terminal buttons eject chemical called neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap

Question 15

Synaptic Gap/Synapse

Answer 15

neuron passing through chemical or electrical signal to another neuron/target cell

Question 16

Steps of Synaptic Transmission

Answer 16

• Action Potentia lreaches terminal buttons
• terminal buttons release neurotransmitters into the synapse
• neurotransmitters bind to dendrites(receptors on neighboring cells)
• dendrites(recieve message) to cell body to axon(conducts message) to terminal buttons(releases chemical message) to neurotransmitter release, then repreats

Question 17

Synaptic vesicles

Answer 17

store neurotransmitters

Question 18

Neuotransmitters

Answer 18

chemical messages

Question 19

receptors

Answer 19

recieve neurotransmitters

Question 20

Excitatory Synapse vs. Inhibitory Synapse

Answer 20

o Excitatory synapse: neuron is more likely to produce an action potential
o Inhibitory synapse: neuron is less likely to produce an action potential
o Need balance of both

Question 21

How do we eliminate the neurotransmitter form the synphase after it has done its job?

Answer 21

o Two ways:
 Enzymatic degradation: whole job is to destroy neurotransmitters
• Example: enzymes to destroy dopamine
 Reuptake: releases neurotransmitters, then sucks it back up, recycled to be used later