Parts of A Cell, Transport Mechanisms, Membrane Proteins

Question 1

contains digestive enzymes

Answer 1

lysosome

Question 2

membrane bound vesicle

Answer 2

peroxisome

Question 3

site of lipid and amino acid degradation, breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Answer 3

peroxisome

Question 4

tubelike protein complexes in the cytoplasm

Answer 4

proteasomes

Question 5

breaks down protein in the cytoplasm

Answer 5

proteasomes

Question 6

spherical/rod-shaped structure, enclosed with double membrane and cristae

Answer 6

mitochondria

Question 7

pair of cylindrical organelles, consisting of triplets of parallel microtubules

Answer 7

centrioles

Question 8

centers of microtubule formation, determine polarity using cell division

Answer 8

centrioles

Question 9

extensions of plasma membrane containing doubles of parallel microtubules (10 micrometers)

Answer 9

cilia

Question 10

move materials over the surface of cells

Answer 10

cilia

Question 11

extension of plasma containing doubles of parallel microtubules (55 micrometers)

Answer 11

flagellum

Question 12

modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion

Answer 12

golgi apparatus

Question 13

propels spermatozoa

Answer 13

flagellum

Question 14

extension of plasma membrane containing microfilaments

Answer 14

microvilli

Question 15

increase surface area of plasma membrane for absorption and secretion

Answer 15

microvilli

Question 16

membrane protein that allow cells to identify other cells or other molecules

Answer 16

marker molecules

Question 17

anchor cells to other cells (cadherins) or to extracellular molecules (integrins)

Answer 17

attachment proteins

Question 18

form passageways through the plasma membrane, allowing specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell

Answer 18

channel proteins

Question 19

move ions or molecules across the membrane; binding causes changes in shape

Answer 19

carrier proteins

Question 20

require ATP molecules to function

Answer 20

ATP-powered pumps

Question 21

function as binding sites for chemical signals in the extracellular liquid

Answer 21

receptor proteins

Question 22

catalyze chemical reactions either inside or outside cells

Answer 22

enzymes

Question 23

always open and are responsible for plasma membrane’s permeability to ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

Answer 23

leak ion channels

Question 24

channel protein that can be open or closed

Answer 24

gated ion channels

Question 25

gated ion channel that open or close in response to chemical signals or ligands

Answer 25

ligand-gated ion channels

Question 26

gated ion channel that open or close when there is a change in membrane potential

Answer 26

voltage-gated ion channels

Question 27

random movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

Answer 27

diffusion

Question 28

water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 28

osmosis

Question 29

carrier proteins combine with substances and move them across the plasma membrane

Answer 29

facilitated diffusion

Question 30

lipid-soluble molecules, ions, and small molecules are transported using ____

Answer 30

diffusion

Question 31

also called water diffusion

Answer 31

osmosis

Question 32

substances that are too large and too polar are transported using ________

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion

Question 33

glucose moves by _______ into muscle cells and adipocytes

Answer 33

facilitated diffusion

Question 34

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipids are transported through ______

Answer 34

diffusion

Question 35

ATP-powered pumps combine with substances and move them (lower to higher concentration)

Answer 35

active transport

Question 36

ions are moved across the plasma membrane by active transport, which establishes an ion concentration gradient

Answer 36

secondary active transport

Question 37

Na+, K+, and Ca2+ are transported using ______

Answer 37

active transport

Question 38

some sugars, amino acids, and ions are transported using ______

Answer 38

secondary active transport

Question 39

vesicular transport where the plasma membrane forms a vesicle around the substances to be transported; vesicle is taken into the cell

Answer 39

endocytosis

Question 40

type of endocytosis where it takes in cells and solid particles (cell eating)

Answer 40

phagocytosis

Question 41

type of endocytosis where it takes in molecules dissolved in liquid (cell drinking)

Answer 41

pinocytosis

Question 42

example of this vesicular transport are immune system cells called phagocytes that ingest bacteria and cellular debris

Answer 42

endocytosis/phagocytosis

Question 43

materials manufactured by cell are packaged in secretory vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane and release contents outside of the cell

Answer 43

exocytosis