Parts of a Cell (organelles) Flashcards
The structure of the cell wall is made up of what?
Phospholipids
What are the two components of the phospholipid bilayer?
Hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
What is the function of the cell wall?
A barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits.
The cell wall is also known as what?
A plasma membrane (or cytoplasmic membrane)
What is the structure of cytoplasm?
It is a clear fluid inside the cell which is mostly composed of water and salt.
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is responsible for giving a cell its shape. It helps to fill out the cell and keeps organelles in their place.
What are two basic features of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
They both have a plasma membrane, also called a cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm is the site of many of these?
Cellular reactions
What is the structure of the nucleus of a cell?
Enclosing the nucleoplasm is the nuclear envelope, which is made up of two layers of membrane: an outer membrane and an inner membrane.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cellular functions and contains DNA
What type of cell has a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
What is the structure of the ribosome?
Small ribosomal subunits which read the MRNA to large subunits which join amino acids together forming polypeptide chains
Which cellular components do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share?
All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma membrane, or cell membrane, is the phospholipid layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the outside environment.
What is the function of the ribosome?
To create proteins.
Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
The ER serves multiple functions but of particular importance is the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins. Also plays a role in lipid production.
What makes the rough ER rough?
There are ribosomes attached which produce protein.
What is a main function of the smooth ER?
To produce lipids.
What is the structure of the Golgi complex (or apparatus)?
Flattened sacs that are not connected.
What is the function of the Golgi complex?
Modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles for transport to their appropriate destinations.
What is the structure of the cilia?
Many short hairs
What is the structure of the flagellae?
One or two hairs
What is the function of the cilia and flagellae?
Cell movement and acquisition of food