parts of a cell Flashcards
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
It surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits. It is selectively permeable and has protein channels for larger molecules.
What is the structure of the Cell Membrane?
It is a bilayer of lipids and proteins.
What is Cytoplasm?
Jelly-like material that fills the cell and contains most organelles.
What role does the Nucleus play in a cell?
It contains DNA in the form of chromatin and controls the cell’s activity by sending out instructions to make proteins.
What is Chromatin?
Long strands of DNA.
What is the function of the Nucleolus?
It makes ribosomes, the organelles that build proteins.
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
A system of tubes and tunnels that transports ribosomes and helps them make proteins.
What distinguishes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) from Rough ER?
Smooth ER helps make lipids and fats and break down toxins; it has no ribosomes.
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
It receives proteins from the rough ER, modifies them, sorts them, and packages them into vesicles for export.
What is the primary function of Mitochondria?
It makes ATP, the energy molecule for the cell, by doing cellular respiration.
What is the role of Ribosomes?
They make proteins by translating messenger RNA into chains of amino acids.
What do Lysosomes contain?
Powerful digestive enzymes that break down food, pathogens, and old cells.
What is a Vacuole?
A membrane-bound organelle that stores and disposes of substances in a cell.
What do Chloroplasts do?
They are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells.
What is Protein Synthesis?
The process by which cells make proteins.
What is Cellular Respiration?
The process by which cells break down food to produce energy.
Fill in the blank: The process of copying information from DNA into RNA is called _______.
Transcription
What are Prokaryotes?
Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other organelles.
What characterizes Eukaryotes?
Organisms or cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not.
Chloroplasts and Cell Wall
Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells?
Mitochondria
Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar?
Chloroplast
Which organelle creates ribosomes?
Nucleolus
