Parts and Functions of Microscope Flashcards
The first microscope designed by _________ was very simple but very useful. Today‘s microscope have a much improved design, are easier to use, and offer much greater magnification. The principles of microscopy basically remain unchange that is, light passes through the object being viewed, and the image of the object is enlarged by a series of lenses (objective lens and ocular lens).
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
The type of microscope used in most Biology classes is the ________. It contains a combination of lenses and can magnify objects normally not seen with the naked eye.
compound light microscope
The extent to which the microscope can distinguish two objects that are close together is called _______.
resolution, or resolving power
High resolution is needed to see the details of very small cell pats. Come microscopes have a special type of high-magnification lens, called an _____, which increases resolution. Although microscope can have the same magnifying power, they can differ in resolving power.
oil immersion lens
these consist of precise parts, chiefly made of metal, that support and adjust the op- tical and illuminating parts.
Mechanical Parts
heavy Y-shaped foot on which the microscope stands.
Base (mechanical part)
short supporting piece arising from the base.
Pillar (mechanical part)
short curved handle used in carrying the micro- scope.
Arm (mechanical part)
joint between the pillar and the arm used to tilt the upper parts.
Inclination joint (mechanical part)
revolving structure at the lower end of the body tube, which bears the lower
lenses or objectives.
Revolving nosepiece (mechanical part)
metallic structure above the nosepiece, which protects the lower lenses or objectives.
Dust shield (mechanical part)
attached to the arm; bears the lenses.
Body Tube (mechanical part)
upper portion of the body tube which bears the eyepiece
Draw tube (mechanical part)
What are the mechanical parts of microscope?
- Base
- Pillar
- Arm
- Inclination joint
- Body tube
- Draw tube
- Revolving nosepiece
- Dust-shield
These consist of parts used to illuminate the specimen or object.
Illuminating parts
found below the stage; has a concave and a flat surface, both of which gather and direct light to illuminate the object.
Mirror (illuminating part)
found above the mirror; consists of several metal blades which form a circular opening that may be enlarged or reduced to control the amount of light reaching the object.
Iris diaphragm (illuminating part)
fond immediately beneath the stage. The iris diaphragm and the condenser constitute the substage.
Condenser (illuminating part)
These consist principally of special types of carefully ground and polished glasses aligned on an optical axis for the enlargement of the image of the specimens.
Optical Parts
6X, 10X or 15X; it is found on top of the body tube. This is the part used to peep through the microscope. It is made of a metal tube with two lenses- a small one at the top of the eyepiece and a larger one below.
Eyepiece or ocular
with this objective, the object may be more easily found and then moved to the center of the field. (The lowest magnification is 4X; this is usually called the scanner.)
Objective
Low-Power Objective (LPO;4X-10X)
with this objective, greater magnification is obtained so that the detailed structure can be studied.
Objective
High-Power Objective (HPO; 40X-60X)
with this objective, greater magnification than HPO is obtained. This is often used in micro- biological examinations and makes use of special oil that reduces the diffusion of light rays passing (through the oil) from the specimen to the objective.
Oil-Immersion Objective (OIO;100X)
Key words to remember when we talk about Scientific Method
information taken from the real world and made by humans directly (using their five senses) or by using instrumentals.
Observation
A ______ is useful if it explains a problem, suggests new ideas and make predictions that can be tested.
hypothesis
Two kinds of hypothesis:
descriptive and explanatory
A ______ is an overall statement which provides a
basis for predicting things not yet observed.
descriptive hypothesis
is a set of related hypotheses supported by many observations and experiments.
Theory
All observations and information called ____ are properly recorded and analyzed.
data
