Parts and Function of an animal cell Flashcards
the functional unit of life, in which all the chemical reactions necessary for the maintenance and reproduction of life takes place
The Cell
Who is the scientist?
examined thin slices of cork and saw a network of tiny boxlike compartments
Micrographia
“cells”
“cellula” meaning “little room”
Robert Hooke
Who is the scientist?
cells arose only by the
division of other, preexisting cells.
Rudolf Virchow
Who is the scientist?
all plant tissues are
composed of cells and that an embryonic plant always arises from a single cell
Matthias Schleiden
The scientist that says:
All organisms consist of
one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organis
Theodor Schwann
What is Cytology?
It is a branch of biology that deal with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology, and life history of cells
the living substance of the cell
Protoplasm
2 compartments:
cytoplasm
karyoplasm
What are the 3 basic parts of eukaryotic cell?
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
The Different Parts of an Animal Cell
Give the 9
Nucleus
ER
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
a large rounded or oval structure
command center of the cell.
Nucleus
double-layered membrane
has tiny holes and nuclear lamina
it disintegrates during cell division
Nuclear Envelope
mass of DNA and its associated proteins
chromatin fibers take on different forms inside the nucleus
Chromatin or Chromosomes
a membrane-less organelle within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes
Nucleoli
network of flattened sacs and branching tubules
connected to the nuclear envelope provides a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
synthesis of lipid substances
SER(smooth endoplasmic reticulum)
other name for Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum
Other name for Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum
composed of ribosomes involved in the synthesis of protei
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
the distribution and shipping department for the cell’s chemical products.
modifies proteins and lipids and prepares them for
Golgi Apparatus
rod-shaped organelles the power generators of the cell
Mitochondria
digestion compartments for cellular materials that are no longer useful
spherical organelles contained by a single layer membrane
Lysosomes
recycle the cell’s organic material
Autophagy
found only in animal cells
located together near the nucleus in the centrosome
Centrioles
centrioles are duplicated Centrosome divides and the pairs are split up
Interphase
centrioles are duplicated Centrosome divides and the pairs are split up
Interphase
Gives structure and shape to a cell
Cytoskeleton
serve as conveyor belts moving other organelles
Microtubule
help to generate the forces used in cellular contraction and basic cell movements.
Microfilaments
function as tension-bearing elements to help maintain cell shape and rigidity.
Intermediate filaments
It contains a variety of enzymes, like catalase which primarily function to get rid of the cell of toxic substances, and in particular, hydrogen peroxide (a common byproduct of cellular metabolism).
Peroxisomes
considered various nutrients or pigments that can be found within the cell, but do not have activity like other organelles.
Cell inclusions
long-term storage unit of glucose within the cell
Glycogen
Melanin is a brown pigment in hair and skin and is contained in melanosomes.
These are produced by specialized cells called melanocytes
Pigments
is a brown pigment that contains iron.
Hemosiderin
Excessive hemosiderin accumulation may indicate an
increase in hemolysis of red blood cells.
The Blood Components
The red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cell (leukocytes)
Platelets or thrombocytes
Plasma
take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
Plasma
take up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to the tissues
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
These are nucleated and independently motile. As a group they are involved in the body’s defense mechanisms and reparative activity.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
First to respond to bacterias
Neutrophils
known for their role in allergy symptoms
Eosinophils
know for heir role in asthma
Basophils
Clean up dead cells
Monocyte
Fights infection by producing antibodies
Lymphocytes
responsible for hemostasis, thrombosis, and wound healing
platelets
are the garbage trucks of the immune system. Around 5% to 12% of white blood cells in your bloodstream are
. Their most important function is to clean up dead cells in the body
Monocytes
helps the body fight disease and infection. Your immune system is made up of an intricate web of immune cells, lymph nodes, lymph tissue and lymphatic organs.
play a key role in the effectiveness of many current vaccines. In some cases, such as tuberculosis and pertussis vaccines, T lymphocytes are the main players.
Lymphocytes
works closely with your immune system to defend your body from allergens, pathogens and parasites.
release enzymes to improve blood flow and prevent blood clots.
Basophils
also play a role in fighting off bacteria. They are very important in responding to parasitic infections (such as worms) as well.
Eosinophils
make up roughly half of the white blood cell population. They are usually the first cells of the immune system to respond to invaders such as bacteria or viruses.
As first responders, they also send out signals alerting other cells in the immune system to come to the scene.
Neutrophils
