Parts 1-6 on Insendi Flashcards

1
Q

Two key features of brain metabolism?

A

Requires a continuous supply of glucose and brain cannot metabolise fatty acids (can metabolise some ketone bodies)

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2
Q

Two glucose conditions?

A
  • Hypoglycaemia- too little glucose and causes faintness and coma
  • Hyperglycaemia- too much glucose, can cause irreversible damage
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3
Q

3 key features of heart metabolism?

A
  • Heart must beat constantly so it is designed for completely aerobic metabolism
  • Utilises TCA cycle substrates e.g free fatty acids and ketone bodies
  • Loss of O2 leads to cell death and myocardial infarction
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4
Q

3 liver metabolic features?

A
  • Undergoes wide repertoire of metabolic processes
  • Storage organ (glycogen)
  • Plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism
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5
Q

Pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate used to produce nucleotides and generate NADPH for anabolic pathways

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6
Q

3 things the body does during a hypoglycaemic coma?

A
  • Breakdown glycogen in the liver
  • Releases FFA from adipose tissue
  • Converts acetyl CoA into ketone bodies via the liver
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7
Q

How many reactions in gluconeogenesis are irreversible and have to be bypassed?

A

3 (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase are the enzymes)

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8
Q

4 additional enzymes needed for gluconeogenesis?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6- biposphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase

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9
Q

Why are the 4 ‘additional’ high energy bonds needed in gluconeogenesis?

A

To turn an energetically unfavourable process into an energetically favourable one

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10
Q

Glucogenic amino acids?

A

Skeletons can give rise to glucose via gluconeogenesis

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11
Q

Ketogenic amino acids?

A

Cannot enter gluconeogenesis but can be used to synthesise fatty acids and ketone bodies

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12
Q

What can glycerol be converted into?

A

DHAP to enter the gluconeogenic pathway upstream

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