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Politics Paper 1 > Parties > Flashcards

Parties Flashcards

1
Q

Party definition

A

Group of people with similar opinions and policy aims who try to win elections by fielding candidate

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2
Q

Functions of party

A 
Stability
Coordination of government
Aggregation of demand
Conciliation of groups
Staffing of government
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3
Q

3 Different parties

A

Party of Electorate
Party of Government
Party of Organisations

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the Party of the Electorate

A

Less aligned to party- candidate centred
More ideological
Not as numerous as before

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5
Q

Where does power of the Party of the Electorate come from?

A

Primaries- allows the electorate to choose the candidates that represent them and so are much more extreme compared to the establishment.

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6
Q

Characteristics of Party of Government

A

No single ideology
Made up of representatives
Based around candidates

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7
Q

Characteristics of Party of Organisation

A

National Committees
Patronage
Not as influential?

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8
Q

Examples of ‘Electorate’ candidates

A

Bernie Sanders

Donald Trump

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9
Q

Examples of ‘Government’ candidates

A

John McCain

Marco Rubio

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10
Q

Examples of ‘Organisation’ candidates

A

Jeb Bush

Hilary Clinton

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11
Q

Who wrote the ‘Party’s Over’ in 1971?

A

David Broder

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12
Q

What is the main view of the PO thesis?

A

Internal disintegration of parties

Increase role of interest groups

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13
Q

Examples of internal disintegration

A

Primaries

Less policy cohesion

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14
Q

Examples of how primaries decrease power of party

A

Donald Trump- outsider, chosen by enthused base

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15
Q

Examples to counter primaries decreasing power

A

Hilary Clinton- insider, chosen by party insiders, DNC corruption

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16
Q

Examples to counter less policy cohesion

A

Contract with America
6 for ‘06
Obamacare

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17
Q

Examples show less policy cohesion

A

Ted Cruz vs Trump on LGBT
Rubio vs Trump on immigration
Clinton vs Sanders on government intervention
100 Party Thesis

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18
Q

How do primaries decrease power?

A

Party can’t have candidate they want BUT Clinton

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19
Q

How does less cohesion decrease power?

A

Party chiefs find it difficult to formulate coherent policy that all of party will support

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20
Q

Explain 100 Party Thesis

A

Thesis that suggests that there are 100 different parties in the USA, with Democrats and Republicans varying from state to state, Southerners being more conservative and Northerners/Coasts being more liberal

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21
Q

Examples of 100 party thesis

A

Moderate Northern Reps- Oympia Snow

Conservative Southern Dems- Strom Thurmond (switched party)

22
Q

Other ways of funding but not parties

A

PACs

Individual-based fund raising

23
Q

Examples of PAC power

A

Tom Foley

Kelly Ayotte

24
Q

Case of Tom Foley

A

Washington Representative
Speaker
Supported Brady Bill (increased gun control)
Opposed by NRA
Loses seat in 1994 after campaigning from NRA

25
Q

Kelly Ayotte case

A

New Hampshire Senator
Gun Rights Advocate
Not re-elected in 2016
$2.6million spent by Americans for Responsible Solutions against her

26
Q

Individual based ways of raising funds

A

Bernie Sanders- grassroots campaign
John Anderson- 1980, first TV ad campaign
BOTH FAILED

27
Q

Explain the 50/50 thesis

A

America divided between either Democrats or Republicans

28
Q

Republicans typically were…

A

Male, white, evangelical Christian, rural, small government

29
Q

Democrats typically were…

A

female, minority, urban, not religious, more government

30
Q

Evidence for the 50/50 thesis

A

2000 Elections: 50/50 senators, 271-267 EC, 49% of vote

2004- very little change NH, NM and IN change to Rep

31
Q

Evaluation of 50/50

A

1/5 of states have both
‘Shades of Purple’
No clear alignment
100 party thesis

32
Q

Historical elections with a clear divide between the parties

A

1932 (Laissez-Faire vs New Deal)
1964 (Civil Rights)
2000+2004 (Religious Right)
2016 (Nationalist vs Globalist)

33
Q

Internal factions of Democrats

A

Minorities (fragmented)
Left-Wing (socialist, Bernie Sanders)
Centrists (New Democrats, Bill Clinton)
DINO (centre to centre-right, supported Reagan)

34
Q

Internal factions of Republicans

A

TEA Party (similar to libertarians, now has less power)
Libertarian (Isolationist, less government, Ron Paul)
Neo-Con (Interventionist, Bush)
RINO (centre-right, Olympia Snow, Rubio?)
Religious Right (social conservative, Ted Cruz)

35
Q

Barriers to third parties

A 
Money
Restrictive laws
Name recognition
Debates
Extreme positions
Electoral system
36
Q

Why does money restrict?

A

Means they cannot conduct an effective campaign- needed for staffers, advertisement, petitions…etc

37
Q

Why do restrictive laws restrict? (Give examples)

A

Some states require a number of signatures to be put on ballot paper such as Maine, Alaska and California
BUT Tennessee only needs 25

38
Q

Why does name recognition restrict?

A

Less likely to be put on petitions, given money or put in debates.
Not a problem for Libertarians and Greens- both known

39
Q

Why do extreme positions restrict?

A

Downs model of voting suggests that majority of public are centrists so people won’t vote for those on the fringes of politics.

40
Q

Evaluate extreme positions

A

Co-opted by main parties

41
Q

George Wallace

A

1968
46 Electoral College
13.5% of vote
Split Democrats

42
Q

Ross Perot

A

1992 (Independent)- 19%
1996 (Reform Party)- 9%
‘Balanced Budget’
Poll tax

43
Q

Ralph Nader

A

2000
Green Party
Spoiler
1.7%

44
Q

John Anderson

A

1980
7%
First TV advert
Socially liberal, fiscal conservative

45
Q

Angus King

A

Independent Senator
Maine
Caucus with Democrat
Moderate

46
Q

Bernie Sanders

A

Independent Senator
Vermont
Caucus with Democrat
Socialist

47
Q

Jesse Venture

A

1998
Governor
Mid-term
Socially liberal, fiscally conservative

48
Q

Lisa Markowski

A

Republican Senator
Alaska
Seat taken by TEA party

49
Q

Social conservatism

A

Social conservatism refers to conservative values on non-fiscal matters, such as the promoting defense of marriage, opposition to abortion, opposition to homosexuality, and promoting common sense Christian values.

50
Q

Fiscal conservatism

A

Fiscal conservatism is a political-economic philosophy regarding fiscal policy and fiscal responsibility advocating low taxes, reduced government spending and minimal government debt. Free trade, deregulation of the economy, lower taxes, and privatization are defining qualities of fiscal conservatism.

Politics Paper 1 (2 decks)

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