parties Flashcards
why should there be state funding
- bridge income gap - ^ fairness
- ^ transparency = democracy
- parties always too duty bound to interest groups w.out state funding
why shouldnt there be state funding
- funding doesn’t necessarily determine electoral success
- more democratic ways to raise funds
- decrease independency
evidence for big difference in party funding - 2019
2019 Tories received £19.4m in donations & Greens received £245,000
evidence that funding doesn’t necessarily determine electoral success - 2019
- 2019 SNP won 48 seats with donations reaching £25,000
when were donation GE stats released 2019
2019 December GE donations statistics and records only released in Commons library Jan 2020
labour donor scandal 2024
labour peer Lord Alli was found to have breachd lords rules over declaration of his interests
2018 labour income high because
2018 Labour party high income because of high membership = increases democracy
PPERA 2000
Donations over £7,500 have to be declared under Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (PPERA 2000) = increases transparency
Blair and bernie eccleston
Bernie Eccleston - big donation to labour under Blair
his businesses excluded for restrictions on tobacco ads
Labour and pressure groups
Unison one of top 20 donors for 24GE -> Labour come to power then approve pay rses -> accused of being influenced by their donor
“Conservative party in recent years has been shaped by its attitude towards Europe and immigration”
Influence of populist issue parties on Conservative policy in recent years - Brexit, Rwanda
“… strives to be an independent as possible… often being strong on green policy”
90% renewable energy by 2030 in 2024 manifesto
Lib Dems campaign strategically in marginal seats - pragmatism not ideology
“Influence of Old Labour is now irrelevant”
2019 election defeat led to reevaluation of policy
Also influenced by salient issues - Border Security Command
“Conservative party remains influenced by One Nation and New Right ideas… Thatcherism”
Brexit not necessarily in contradiction with Thatcherism
Evidence of commitment to New Right ideas through Truss (neolib) and PCSC (neocon)
Liberal Democrat policy contains elements of classical liberalism and… modern liberalism”
2019 legalise cannabis - classical liberalism idea of freedom and trusting individuals to make their own choices
Evidence of modern liberalism - free childcare
And clear liberal ideology in consistent commitment to constitutional reform
“Labour party is a mixture of Old Labour and New Labour”
Many policies which may be analysed as Old Labour from current Labour government such as public ownership, communication with unions for pay rises, taxes in budget
As well as influence of Third Way principles - investment in infrastructure / devolution / HoL reform
Social Democracy
Mixed economy
Tax and spend - redistributive state
Universal welfare
State intervention economically
Relative equality of outcome
One Nation
Mixed economy
Pragmatic intervention
Tradition
Organic society
Social duty
Classical liberal
Minimal state
Negative freedom being free from interference or constraints, allowing individuals to act without external limitations
Individualism
Free market
Third Way
Free market economy
Investment state
Targeted welfare
Communitarianism via social justice
Equality of opportunity
New Right
Free market economy
Minimal state
Deregulation
Privatisation
Individualism
Modern liberal
Enabling state
Positive freedom
Personal choice
Social justice
differece between positive and negative freedom
The goal of negative freedom demands a limited role for the state, whereas positive freedom results in a larger role for the state.
yes - do small parties matter
- significant number of voters backed small parties
- other areas of Uk small parties have a say (regional assemblies/local gov)
- other elections significant success
no small parties dont matter
- lab + con win significant seats
- Lab and Con always form goc even in coalition (dominated)
- success of vs not translate to seats
Green won how many seats in local election 2024
815 seats
Reform plans to put how many candidates in local elections?
Reform will contest nearly all the 1,600 council seats up for re-election on 1 May, six mayoral races and a by-election
how many tories defected to reform
more than 60 Tory councillors defected
in 2024 how many alt vote
- over 40 % of vote went to other parties and indp .
- 57.7% Con + LAB - lowest
how many seats LD currently have
The Lib Dems are currently on 71 seats, higher than even in their 2005 heyday peak of 62 seats. Effective tactical campaigning may have played a part.
fall of SNP
Labour is now the largest party in Scotland, clawing its way back after a decade of SNP dominance.
vt
At 40.1%, the non-vote was higher than any party’s vote share.
2x 1sts
4 parties gained over ten percent of votes (and five parties over five percent of votes) for the first time ever. 1 in 3 voters said they made a tactical vote instead of voting for their preferred party.
win on minority
554 constituencies (85% of all seats) elected their representative on less than 50% of the vote.
conteat ot between labour and conservative
344 seats, out of the 650 across the UK, are not Labour/Conservative contests. In these seats other combinations of parties make up the top two contenders.
scot 2021 agreement
SNP won 64/129 agreement w/ green to form gov
refoorm ad green not translate to seats
reform and green 21% of vs but only 2% of seats
lab + con 2024 GE
won over 80% of seats
winner bonus
Party gets more seats than vote share suggests.
Due to winning many constituencies with concentrated support.
Can create big seat majorities without a vote majority.
Disadvantages smaller parties.
short money
e financial assistance for Opposition parties in the House of Commons. It is named after Edward Short who first proposed the payments.
Cranborne money is a similar scheme in the House of Lords, named after former Leader of the House of Lords, Viscount Cranborne.
