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UK Politics (Politics sector) > Parties > Flashcards

Parties Flashcards

1
Q

What are the core values of liberalism ?

A

-The Individual - should pursure their own life
-Freedom -natural right
-Reason - humans are rational creatures
-Tolerance - tolerate others beliefs, values and cultures
-Justice and Equality

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2
Q

What is positive liberty ?

A

Freedom to choose from a wide range of opportunities and realise your potential

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3
Q

What is negative liberty ?

A

Freedom fron intrusion and obstruction from others

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4
Q

What are the views of classical liberals ?

A

-Government should protect ‘life, liberty and property” and not much more.
-Laissez faire approach
-Free market with minimal govt interference

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5
Q

What are the views of modern liberals ?

A

-Social darwinism
-Inequality is natural as some will get ahead of others as peo;e may work harder

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6
Q

What is Neo-Liberalism ?

A

-Free markets
-Reduced public spending
-low taxes
-deregulation

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7
Q

What is meritocracy ?

A

Social class should be based on your merit, talents and hardwork

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8
Q

What is constituitionalism ?

A

-Constituitons prevent the govt from infringing on the rights of the people

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9
Q

What is government by consent ?

A

-Legitimacy can no longer be based on tradition - authority must come from the people

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10
Q

What are the Conservative core values?

A

-Tradition - traditional instituitions are worth preserving
-Human Interaction - pessomistic view of humanity (humans are imperfect)
-Order - Strong law enforcement
-Hierachy - we are born unequal - natural hierarchy - strict laws ensure order
-Property - Those with property will respect the property of others

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11
Q

What campaign in 1993 echoed the core values of the Conservatives?

A

-John Major ‘Back to Basics’

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12
Q

What policy measure under Thatcher in 1988 reflected traditional values?

A

-Section 28 > Banned promotion of homosexuality in schools

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13
Q

What are One Nation Tories ?

A
  • associated with Disraeli (PM warned that the UK was splitting into two nations)
    -Theory that for the sake of the organic society there needed to be one society but did not oppose the existence of social hierarchy
    -belief in paternalism
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14
Q

What is paternalism ?

A

-When govt, people or organisations limit the freedom of others for their own good

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15
Q

What is the organic society ?

A

classical conservative belief that society is more like a living organism than a machine - everybody has a role to play

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16
Q

Who can be seen to represent the One nation Tories in their leadership?

A

-David Cameron > ‘Big society’

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17
Q

What is the conservative ideology of Thatcherism?

A

-Dominated in the 80s and 90s
-Conviction over compromise
-Emphasise on self-help and personal responsibility
-Economic freedom > lower taxes especially on income
-Denationalisation
-Strong advocate of the European single market

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18
Q

What is Neo-conservatism

A

-Maintain order
-Protect traditional instituitions and values
-Patriotism

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19
Q

What are factions within the conservative party ?

A

-ERG (european research group)
-CRG (covid recovery group)
-One nation caucus

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20
Q

What are the Labour parties core values ?

A

-Egalitariansim - tackling economic inequality
-Socialsist argue that equality of opportutnity is largely a myth - inequality results from rigid class structures and capitalist

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21
Q

What is democratic socialism ?

A

-Capitalism is inherently exploitative and therefore must be abolished
-Private property must be replaced by new systems of social ownership

22
Q

What is social democracy ?

A

-Accepts capitalism but supports signifficant state intervention to address its most exploited
-Nationalise some major industry
-Keynesian intervention to stimulate demand and lower unemployment
-Increase legal protections amd redistribute wealth through welfare
eg, harold wilson, Tony Blair , Keir starmer

23
Q

How can Economic socialism be seen as a Labour ideology?

A

-Postwar Attlee govt
-The welfare state and dedication to it
-Nationalisation
-Jeremy Corbin 2017 > partial denationalisation in his policies
-Labours historic pledge to distribute wealth

24
Q

How is Trade Unionism a insignificant ideology in the Labour Party?

A

-Historic ties with Labour and the Unions
-Under Starter > Union influence over the Labour Party has decreased

25
Q

What is Globalist Internationalism as a Labour ideology?

A

-Labour’s policies commitment to peace, disarmament, resisting racism and racism worldwide

26
Q

How is Global Internationalism within the Labour Party declining?

A

-weakened by Blair’s involvement in the ‘war on terror’ and his involvement in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq

27
Q

What is the Labour Ideology of Third Way Socialism/ New Labour?

A

-Blair’s Labour Movement 1997-2010
-modernise and update the party
-Thatcherite economics but retaining Labour social values
-Blair’s mantra “Education, Education, education”

28
Q

What is Sinn Feins ideaology ?

A

-irish republicansim
-Democratic socialism

29
Q

What is Reform Uk ideaology ?

A

-Neo-liberalist party

30
Q

What effect does Reform Uk have on governemnt policy ?

A

-Could swing conservative voters
-Deals often made with cons surrounding marginal seats
-UKIP and Brexit party

31
Q

What is political agenda

A

what a party wants to get done / achieve

32
Q

What is agenda setting ?

A

Policies which a party bases their campaign on

33
Q

What are the main functions fo politcial parties ?

A

-Governing and electtioneering
-Raising money
-Policy development & policy intergration
-Representation
-Recruitment
-Participation

34
Q

What is a One Party system ?

A

-associated with authoritarian regimes
-single party has monopoly of power
-communist regimes (china, North Korea)

35
Q

What is a Two-Party system ?

A

-two major parties
-both parties have a storng chance of gaining power
-may be other parties but they do not compete for office
-tend to flourish where FPTP is used
-Britain and US

36
Q

What is a Multi party system ?

A

-Govt tends to be coalitions
-Not a clear distinction between opposition and govt
-common where proportional representation is use d
-Finland, Italy

37
Q

What is a dominant party system?

A

-Exists where there is free competition between parties
-only one party is likely to achieve am absolute majority in votes
-African national congress in SA

38
Q

Why does the UK have a two-party system?

A

-The electoral system
-The existence of broad catch-all parties
-emphasis on being in govt or opposition
-problems faced by mior and third parties

39
Q

What are the advantages of having a two-party system?

A

-Less likely to allow radical groups into government
-Simple for the voter to understand
-Often allows one party to be in control > more stable govt
-The govt is clearly accountable to the electorate

40
Q

what are the disadvantages of having a two-party system?

A

-Lack of political diversity
-Limited choice for voters
-Eventually leads to political polarisation
-Lack of representation

41
Q

Why does political polarisation occur and what does it cause?

A

-If you’re not happy with what one party offers > forced to agree with what is available in the other.
-the exclusion of alternative viewpoints > agrees with what is already set
-

42
Q

How does a Two-party system have a lack of representation?

A
  • encompasses various factions under one umbrella, causing voters to hide their genuine opinions
  • ## In a multi-party political competition > voters have the opportunity to select a candidate who aligns with their values.
43
Q

What does a lack of political diversity cause?

A

Instead of focusing on the experience of the candidates in question voters focus on the parties by their names.

44
Q

How is the leader of the Conservative Party chosen?

A

-1965-1997 >leadership election restricted to the party MPs alone
-The system of election has two phases
-One member, one vote system

45
Q

How is the leader of the Labour Party chosen?

A

-Process reflects internal party democracy as party members and registered supporters vote (OMOV and AV used)
-Role of PLP, local parties and trade unions dictate within the party

46
Q

How is the leader of the Liberal Democrat party chosen?

A

-AV system used
-Lib Dems stand in the election > need the support of at least 10% of the party MPs and at least 200 MPs from 20 other local parties.

47
Q

Why was the 2016 Conservative leadership election controversial?

A

-Held due to Cameron’s resignation
-May was technically unelected as she was left unopposed, therefore won automatically

48
Q

What factors affect parties and their electoral outcomes?

A

-Relevance and attractiveness of main policies
-Leadership
-A committed and energised group of activists on the ground
-Strength and situation of the opposition
-Party unity
-Electoral system

49
Q

How can Party leadership be seen as important to electoral outcomes for parties?

A

-A strong leader with good communication skills can help win a campaign

50
Q

How can the strength and situation of the opposition be seen as important to electoral outcomes for parties?

A

-2019 Johnson was a formidable and experienced campaigner
-Cons were helped by the Brexit parties’ decision to not contest Tory-held seats
-

51
Q

How can Party unity be seen as important to electoral outcomes for parties?

A

-Tories in disarray under May > Johnson removed the party whip from 21 rebel MPs > several who decided not to contest their seats again
-Labour 2019 > heavily factionalised > accusations of anti-semitism > own MPs resigned over the scandal > Ian Austin

52
Q

How can the Electoral system be seen as important to electoral outcomes for parties?

A

-Lib Dems disadvantaged in 2019 due to the system > won 11% of the vote but only got 1.7% of seats

UK Politics (Politics sector) (14 decks)

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