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Chemistry Chp1 - Atomic Structure > Particles + Mass spec > Flashcards

Particles + Mass spec Flashcards

1
Q

What do atoms consist of? - 2 points

A

-Nucleus
-Energy levels/shells

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2
Q

What are the subatomic particles? - 3 points

A
  • protons
  • electrons
  • neutrons
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3
Q

What is a proton’s relative mass?

A

1

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4
Q

What is a proton’s relative charge?

A

+1

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5
Q

What is a neutron’s relative mass?

A

1

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6
Q

What is a neutron’s relative charge?

A

0

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7
Q

What is an electron’s relative mass?

A

1/1840 or 1/1836

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8
Q

What is an electron’s relative charge?

A

-1

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9
Q

Atomic mass

A

Protons

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10
Q

Mass number

A

Protons and neutrons

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11
Q

What is the name given to protons and neutrons in the nucleus?

A

Nucleons

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12
Q

What is the nucleus diameter?

A

10^-15m

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13
Q

What is the atom diameter?

A

10^-10m

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14
Q

How are nucleons held together in the centre?

A

Strong nuclear force

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15
Q

Which is stronger - electrostatic forces of attraction or strong nuclear force

A

Strong nuclear force

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16
Q

How is repulsion in the nucleus overcome?

A

The strong nuclear forces are stronger than the electrostatic forces of attraction (which hold the protons and electrons in place)

17
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with:
- same no. of protons
- diff no. of neutrons
- similar chemical properties, different masses

18
Q

What is a mass spectro meter?

A

it is used to DETERMINE ALL THE ISOTOPES PRESENT IN a SAMPLE of an ELEMENT -> IDENTIFY ELEMENTS

19
Q

What must a mass spectrometer be under?

A

A vacuum

20
Q

Why must a mass spectrometer be under a vacuum?

A

Or else air particles would ionise and register

21
Q

What are the parts of a mass spectrometer? - 4 points

A
  • ionisation area
  • acceleration area
  • ion drift area/ deflection / flight tube
  • detection area
22
Q

What are the types of ionization? - 2 points

A
  • electron impact
  • electro spray ionisation
23
Q

What is electron impact used for?

A

Substances with low formula masses

24
Q

Why can’t larger organic molecules undergo electron impact ?

A

The would break under such heavy impact

25
Q

What is electro spray ionisation for?

A

Larger organic molecules, this technique is softer so it won’t cause the molecule to break

26
Q

What happens during electron impact? - 4 points

A
  • sample is VAPORISED and INJECTED at LOW PRESSURE
  • ELECTRON GUN FIRES HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS at SAMPLE
  • an OUTER ELECTRON is KNOCKED OUT
  • POSITIVE IONS are FORMED e.g. Ti -> Ti+ + e-
27
Q

What is a particle’s velocity dependant on?

A

Particle’s mass

28
Q

What velocity do lighter particles have?

A

Faster velocity

29
Q

What velocity does heavier particles have?

A

Slower velocity

30
Q

What happens during acceleration?

A

POSITIVE IONS are ACCELERATED BY AN ELECTRIC FIELD to a CONSTANT KINETIC ENERGY

31
Q

What area do the heavier particles and the lighter particles get distinguished?

A

Ion drift area/ flight tube

32
Q

What happens to particles in the ion drift area/ flight tube? - 2 points

A
  • lighter particles move faster
  • heavier particles move slower
33
Q

How are ions distinguished in the ion drift area/ flight tube?

A

Flight times

34
Q

Where are ions detected in the mass spectrometer?

A

The detection area

35
Q

How can the computer analyse ions?

A

When the IONS ENTER the detector, a SMALL CURRENT is GENERATED

36
Q

How is a current produced in the detection area?

A

ELECTRONS IN the DETECTOR TRANSFER TO the POSTIVE IONS

37
Q

Relative atomic mass calculation using detection graph

A

(Abundance x m/z) + (abundance x m/z) / 100

38
Q

Relative atomic mass using detection graphs (relative abundance)

A

(Relative abundance x m/z) + (relative abundance x m/z) / sum of relative abundance

39
Q

What element can be used to represent a proton?

A

Hydrogen - H+

Chemistry Chp1 - Atomic Structure (3 decks)

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