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Korean 101 - Personal > Particles, Endings and Connectors > Flashcards

Particles, Endings and Connectors Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the particle?

(1) means (indicates that the noun it attaches to is being used to get something done) e.g. by bus, by pen, wine with grapes
(2) direction (indicates the direction)
(3) selection (indicates that the preceding noun is a selection from several options)
(4) the change of state e.g. child to adult (apply to what changed)
(5) reason things are (apply to the end of the reason word)

A

-(으)로

  • replaces 에 for direction
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2
Q

What are the three 3 ways of saying and level of politeness?

1) ‘and’ or ‘with’ - depends on context
2) between nouns

A

-와/과 (formal and written)
-(이)랑 (polite)
-하고 (polite) (case particles)

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3
Q

What is the particle? And what type of particle is it?

1) to talk about doing something at a location
2) marks a source of action e.g. clean from here, from Japan (inanimate)

A

-에서

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4
Q

What is the particle?

1) Makes nouns plural (can be omitted)

A

-들

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5
Q

What is the ‘not allowed’ term? (stem)
How it is used?

A

-지 않

Connects directly to verbs and adjectives

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6
Q

What is the ending?

1) do you want to (as a question)
2) will probably do this (polite)

A

-(으)ㄹ거예요 / -(으)ㄹ것이에요

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7
Q

What is the ending?

1) do you want to (as a question)
2) will probably do this (informal)

A

-(으)ㄹ거야 / -(으)ㄹ것이야

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8
Q

What is the particle?

1) can mean ‘also’, ‘too’, ‘even’
2) can be attached to an existing case particle, such as 에 and 에서.

A

-도

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9
Q

What is the particle?

don’t, doesn’t (Splits 해 verbs - (verb gets object marker) and goes in front of adjectives)

A

안

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10
Q

what is the ‘s - possessive marker?

A

-의

1) noun 의 noun
2) noun noun
3) noun 것 (or 거)

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11
Q

What is the particle?

1) static location
2) goal of the action (in-animated object of a sentence)
3) times
4) action

A

-에

Particle that uses:
1. Year
2. Months
3. Special Days - Birthday
4. Days of the week
5. Time
6. Season
7. Dates

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12
Q

What is the particle?

1) indicates an ending point
2) can replace 에
3) when used with non place nouns, can mean ‘even did this’ - add to the word in which was done

A

-까지

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13
Q

Subject particles

A

-이, -가

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14
Q

What particle is it??

1) marks the sentence topic
2) compares and contrasts
3) switching topics

A

-는, -은

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15
Q

What is the particle?

1) attaches the meaning of ‘only’ or ‘just’ to the noun it attaches to
2) can be attached to an existing case particle, such as 에 and 에서.
3) can also appear after an adverb

A

-만

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16
Q

What is the particle?

(1) or something (like that)
(2) or
(3) around about

A

-(이)나

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17
Q

What is the particle?

1) used to indicate a beginning temporal point
2) can replace the particle 에

A

-부터

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18
Q

What is the marker that is used for objects?

How can this marker change a noun into a verb form?

A

-를,-을

change a noun into a verb form is by adding 을/를 해요 - without particle e.g. Mary plays soccer == Mary does soccer

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19
Q

‘or’ for verbs (special particle)

A

-거나

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20
Q

about, around (special particle - for number words)

A

-쯤

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21
Q

What are the particles?

1) like (the same as)
2) for nouns and verbs

A

-처럼, -같이

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22
Q

more than (attach to nouns for comparison)

A

-보다

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23
Q

every (used for habitual events e.g. repeated activities replacing 에 as time) , (used to refer to a whole group e.g. every student)

A

-마다

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24
Q

more than, less than (attach to nouns for comparison - when used with verbs)

A

-보다 더, -보다 덜

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25
Q

These particles that mark the animated object of a sentence. (3 ways)

name their politeness level

A

(to animated receiver)
-한테 (casual)
-에게 (polite)
-께 (formal)

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26
Q

The particles that mark the animated source of a sentence.

name their politeness level

A

(from)
한테서 (casual) - only for people
에게서 (polite) - only for people
(으)로부터 - for people and objects

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27
Q

Why don’t you try and ‘verb’ (formal)
e.g. why don’t you try and eat = 먹으십시다

A

-(으)십시다

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28
Q

What is the marker? And make an example sentence.
1) Indicates the subject of a sentence.

2) Complement case marker when used with (되다/아니다) (can be omitted)

A

-이, -가

e.g. 가방이 and 우산이

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29
Q

What can case particles replace?

A

Other case particles

30
Q

verb ending (question)
(Plain)

A

-(으)ㄴ/-냐

31
Q

What is the ending?
Give casual, polite and formal forms.
Give third person usage.

1) used to express the first person’s desire, wish or want
2) can be used for second person questions

A

-고 싶다
-고 싶어하다

32
Q

What is the ending?
Give casual, polite and formal forms.
What is the ending to express respect?

1) used to express an action in progress
2) express respect to the subject

A

-고 있다
계시다(-고 계세요)

33
Q

What is the ending?

1) used to indicate a speaker’s wondering mindset and/or to seek the listener’s opinion
2) can be used for the past tense as well
3) used with other verbs such as 하다(do) and 생각하다(think), it expresses the speaker’s provisional idea regarding what she/he may do, corresponding to “I am thinking of doing something.”

A

-(으)ㄹ까요
- 까 (other verb -e.g. 해요 or 생각해요)

34
Q

How do you say ‘we’ or ‘us’?
formal and polite

1) polite can be used in both situations

A

우리 or 저희

35
Q

What do you add to the stem of an adjective to describe a noun that doesn’t end in ‘~있다’ ?

A

~(으)ㄴ

36
Q

What do you add to the stem of an adjective to describe a noun that does end in ‘~있다’ ?

A

~는

37
Q

To be a lot of

A

많다

38
Q

Conjugate verbs present tense plain form

A

~(ㄴ/는)다

39
Q

Conjugate verbs and adjectives past tense plain form
(and in the case of 하다)

A

~(았/었/였)다

40
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs future tense

(plain form)

A

~겠다

41
Q

Conjugate adjectives into present tense (plain form)

A

Do nothing!

42
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs present tense (casual)

A

~어/아/여

43
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs present tense (polite)

A

~(어/아/여)요

44
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs present tense (formal)

A

~(ㅂ/습)니다

45
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs past tense (casual)

A

~었/았/였

46
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs past tense (polite)

A

~(었/았/였)어요

47
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs past tense (formal)

A

~(었/았/였)습니다

48
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs future tense (casual)

A

~겠어

49
Q

Conjugate adjectives and verbs future tense (polite)

A

~겠어요

50
Q

Conjugate verbs adjectives and future tense (formal)

A

~겠습니다

51
Q

Turn adjectives into adverbs (-ly words) e.g. quickly

A

~게 /~히
Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히

52
Q

To not be: 아니다 works by…

A

아니다 is used as a separate word

아닙니다
아니에요
아니야

53
Q

Conjugate 이다 present tense (casual)

A

~(이)야

54
Q

Conjugate 이다 present tense (polite)

A

~이에요/~예요

55
Q

Conjugate 이다 present tense (formal)

A

~(이)ㅂ니다

56
Q

Conjugate 이다 past tense (casual)

A

~이었어 / ~였어

57
Q

Conjugate 이다 past tense (polite)

A

~이었어요 / ~였어요

58
Q

Conjugate 이다 past tense (formal)

A

~이었습니다 / ~였습니다

59
Q

Conjugate 이다 past tense (plain form)

A

~이었다 / ~였다

60
Q

Conjugate 이다 future tense (casual)

A

~(으)ㄹ 거야 / 것이야

61
Q

Conjugate 이다 future tense (polite)

A

~(으)ㄹ 거예요 / 것이에요

62
Q

Conjugate 이다 future tense (formal)

A

~(으)ㄹ 겁니다 / 것입니다

63
Q

future conjugation of 이다 using 이다

A

일

e.g. 이 장소는 공원일 것이에요

64
Q

and, with (3 ways between nouns)

A

~과/와 (generally writing/formal) , ~랑/이랑 and ~하고

65
Q

together (2 ways)

A

같이 / 함께 (generally writing/formal)

66
Q

doing something FOR (the benefit of) somebody

A

~을/를 위해(서)

(the thing for which you are doing something must be a noun)

67
Q

About something

A

~에 대해(서)

68
Q

What particles changes words into adverbs usually ending in ‘ly’?

A

~적으로

69
Q

What particles changes nouns into a “relating to, or having the properties of” the original noun?

e.g. scientific
e.g. economical

A

~적

70
Q

What particle added to some nouns to change them into an adjective

e.g. lovely
e.g. nature -> natural

A

~스럽다

71
Q

What is the difference between using ~적이다 and just using ~적?

A

~적 is a noun
whereas ~적이다 is an adjective

Korean 101 - Personal (8 decks)

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