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AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS > Particles Definitions > Flashcards

Particles Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Isotope

A

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons (atomic number) but a different number of neutrons (mass number)

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2
Q

Specific Charge Equation

A

charge / mass

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3
Q

Specific Charge Units

A

Ckg^-1

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4
Q

Particle with the greatest specific charge

A

electron (mass is extremely small Q/m)

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5
Q

Alpha Radiation

A

Helium nucleus - 2 protons 2 neutrons
largest particle, slow-moving
can be stopped by paper - least penetrating a few cm in air
strongly ionising

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6
Q

Beta Radiation

A

fast-moving electron
relative mass 0 relative charge -1
smallest particle
can be stopped by aluminium - relatively penetrating
less ionising than alpha

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7
Q

Gamma Radiation

A

short wavelength, high frequency electromagnetic radiation
high energy photon, fast moving
has no mass, uncharged
most penetrating - long distances
can be stopped by lead
less ionising than alpha radiation

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8
Q

Axes of a Feynmann Diagram

A

vertical - time
horizontal - space

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9
Q

Funamental Forces and their Corresponding Exchange Particles

A

Strong force - pion
Weak force - W particle (boson)
Electromagnetic force - virtual photon
Gravitational force - graviton

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10
Q

Pair Production

A

when a gamma photon changes into a particle and its corresponding antiparticle

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11
Q

Annihilation

A

when a particle and its antiparticle meet, they destroy each other and releases 2 gamma photons

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12
Q

Antimatter

A

particles with the same rest mass but equal and opposite charge as corresponding particle

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13
Q

Exchange Particles Transfer…

A

momentum
energy
force
charge (only in weak interactions)

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14
Q

Difference between Hadrons and Leptons

A

Hadrons feel the strong force
Leptons do not feel the strong force

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15
Q

Baryon (protons, neutrons) Quark Composition

A

baryon qqq
protons uud neutrons dud

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16
Q

Anti-Baryon (anti-proton, anti-neutron) Quark Composition

A

anti-baryon qqq

17
Q

Meson Quark Composition

A

meson qq (one antiquark one quark)

18
Q

What Baryons decay into

A

Protons

19
Q

Most stable Baryon

A

Proton

20
Q

What is conserved in strong and weak interactions?

A

All interactions : energy, momentum, charge, baryon number, lepton number

Strong force only : strangeness

21
Q

What is a Strange Particle

A

a particle that contains at least one strange quark or anti-quark

22
Q

Characteristics of a Strange Quark

A

has a strangeness of -1

23
Q

Size of Nucleus

A

x10^-15

24
Q

Size of Atom

A

x10^-10

25
Q

Properties of Strong Nuclear Force

A

Very short range force
Repulsive: 0.5fm
Attractive: between 0.5fm and 3fm
Non existent: above 3fm

26
Q

Decay Modes of Unstable Nuclei

A

very large nuclei - alpha
neutron rich nuclei - beta-
proton rich nuclei - beta+
proton rich nuclei - electron capture

27
Q

Similarities between Hadrons and Leptons

A

They both feel the weak force and electromagnetic force (if they are charged).

28
Q

What do Kaons decay into

A

Pions

29
Q

What do Muons decay into

A

Electrons

30
Q

Properties of a Strange Particle

A

Strange particles are produced via strong interaction but decay via the weak interaction

31
Q

What is strangeness?

A

A quantum number to reflect the fact that strange particles are always created in pairs.

32
Q

In weak interactions, how does strangeness change?

A

Can change by -1, 0 or +1 in weak interactions.

33
Q

Conservation Rules for Weak Interaction

A

Baryon number, Charge and Lepton Number (by family) must all be conserved.

34
Q

Conservation Rules for Strong Interaction

A

Baryon number, Charge, Lepton Number (by family) and strangeness must all be conserved.

AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS (7 decks)

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