PARTICLES AND WAVES - particle accelerators and model of the atom Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of particle accelerator
- linear accelerators
- cyclotrons
- synchrotrons
In a linear accelerator particles are accelerated
in a straight line towards a target using only electric fields.
In a synchrotron and cyclotron accelerator particles are accelerated
in a circular path using a combination of electric aand magnetic fields
what is the purpose of a particle accelerator
to produce high energy collisions at high speeds
the purpose of a particle accelerator is to produce high energy collisions at high speeds
How is this achieved?
particles are accelerated by rapidly changing electric fields. Through very rapid voltage switchign, the particles can be attracted or repelled by the electric field. If this switching is timed correctly, the particles can reach speeds close to the speed of light
how do particles reach high speeds in particle accelerators
through rapidly changing electric fields
Describe deflection in cyclotrons and synchrotrons
The magnetic field is used to deflect the particles into a path of constant radius. As the particles travel faster, the strength of the magnetic field is increased. When The particles have the desired kinetic energy, the magnets are used to bring about particle collisions in a desired location
Finish the sentences:
The magnetic field is used to ……
As the particles travel faster …….
When The particles have the desired kinetic energy …….. in a ………
The magnetic field is used to deflect the particles into a path of constant radius.
As the particles travel faster, the strength of the magnetic field is increased.
When The particles have the desired kinetic energy, **the magnets are used to bring about particle collisions ** in a desired location
what keeps particles moving in circular paths in cyclotrons and synchrotrons
powerful magnets/strong magnetic fields
Describe collision in the Large Hadron collider
two proton beams travelling in opposite directions are collided together at four possible detector locations. In
where does collision occur in linear accelerators
particles are collided with a stationary target
define isotopes
an isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Where is A atomic number
A
X
Z
where is Z mass numbber
A
X
Z
atomic no. is
number of protons in the nucleus
mass no. is
total no. of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Define radioactive decay
the breakdown of a nucleus to release energy and matter from that nucleus.
when will nucleii release energy
if they are unstable
what are radioisotopes
unstable nucleii
what is the original nucleus called
parent nucleus
what is the product of radioactive decay
daughter nuclei
what does alpha particle look like
a 4
He
2
Describe alpha decay
In alpha decay, an alpha particle that has 2 protons and 2 neutrons is spontaneously emitted form the nucleus.
What does alpha decay do to the atomic no. and mass no.
alpha decay reduces the atomic no. of the parent nucleus by 2 and reduces mass no. by 4.
beta particle is
0
B
-1
Describe beta decay
A neutron in the nucleus changes into a proton ( due to an up quark changing into a down quark ) with the emission of an electron and an antineutrino.
This causes the atomic no. to invrease by 1 but the mass no. to remain the same
Describe gamma decay
alpha and beta radiation are often accompanied with the emission of gamma radiation. Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that can be produced due to a redistribution of charge in the nucleus.
Why does gamma radiation often get emitted following alpha and beta decay
as the nucleus is left in a higher-energy, excited state
Does gamma emission affect the atomic and mass no. Why?
No
as gamma is an em wave not a particle
