Particles and Waves - Forces on Charged Particles Flashcards
What is a field?
The area around an object where it can exert a force on another object
What happens if the forces on an object are unbalanced?
The object will accelerate
What happens if two objects with the same charge are brought towards each other?
The force will be repulsive and will push them apart
What happens if two objects with opposite charges are brought towards each other?
The force will be attractive and push them towards each other
What does the spacing between field lines represent?
The strength of the force
When field lines are parallel what does this indicate?
The force is equal
What happens when a charged object is moved between two points in an electric field?
Work is done
One volt is ________ per coloumb
One joule
Where do magnetic fields exist?
Around moving charges
How is a current induced?
If a conductor is moved through a stationary magnetic field
Steps of operation of a particle accelerator
- Protons injected into centre and are accelerated by the voltage between dees
- Protons move in a semicircular path due to magnetic field round one dee until cross gap again and are accelerated by high volate again.
- Polarity of voltage reverses to accelerate the protons in the opposite direction.
- As protons travel faster, their radius around dees increase until ejected as a high speed proton beam
What can a cyclotron be used for?
To make short-lived radioisotopes used for medical imaging
What are electric field used for in particle accelerators?
To increase the speed of particles
What are magnetic field used for in particle accelerators?
To control the direction of particle beams
What is the purpose of fast, high-energy particles in particle accelerators?
To collide with a stationary target or other moving particles to produce other particles
