Particles and Waves: Forces on Charged Particles

Question 1

Two types of electrical charge

Answer 1

• positive
• negative

Question 2

Opposites

Answer 2

attract

Question 3

Same charges

Answer 3

repel

Question 4

One volt is

Answer 4

one joule per coulomb

Question 5

W=

Answer 5

QV

Question 6

due to the conservation of energy

Answer 6

W=Ek=1/2mv^2

Question 7

Basic principes of particle accelerators

Answer 7

electric fields are used to accelerate charge particles in a straight line

magnetic fields are used to change the direction of the charged particles

Question 8

3 types of particle accelerators

Answer 8

• linear accelerator
  -cyclotron
  -synchrotron

Question 9

Basic parts of particle accelerator

Answer 9

source of particles
beam pipes
accelerating structures
system of magnets
a target

Question 10

Linear accelerator

Answer 10

uses electric fields to accelerate charged particles in a straight line to collide with a stationary target

charged particles are accelerated in a vacuum pipe through a series of electrodes by an alternating voltage

to keep the electrons moving they must alwats be moving from a negative electrde to a positive electrode

Question 11

cyclotron

Answer 11

a typical cyclotron consists of two D’s with a gap between them, placed in an external magnetic field.

a magnetic field causes the particles to move in a circular path. when the particle crosses from one D to another it accelerates. after each acceleration the particle moves in a slightly larger orbit.

faster the particles move, the greater the distance they will travel

Question 12

synchrotron

Answer 12

similar to a linear accelerator bent into a ring so the charged particles can be given more energy eacht ime they go round

electromagnets keep the particles in a curved path. as speed increases magnetic field strength increases