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Physics > Particles and Waves > Flashcards

Particles and Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Fundamental particles

A

These are particles that can’t be broken down any further

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2
Q

Gluon

A

Strong nuclear force

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3
Q

Photon

A

Electromagnetic force

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4
Q

W + Z Bosons

A

Weak nuclear force

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5
Q

Fermions

A

12 matter particles, quarks and leptons

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6
Q

Quarks: Baryons

A

3 quark combo

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7
Q

Quarks: Mesons

A

2 quark combo

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8
Q

Leptons

A

Electrons, stable

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9
Q

Anti matter

A

Anti matter particles have same mass but opposite charge

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10
Q

Positron

A

Anti electron

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11
Q

Particle accelerators

A

Used to accelerate particles by using magnetic forces to guide particles

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12
Q

Electron volts

A

1 electron volt is the energy gained by an electron accelerated by a potential difference of 1 volt

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13
Q

Mass number (top)

A

Number or protons and neutrons in a nucleus

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14
Q

Atomic number (bottom)

A

Number of protons in a nucleus

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15
Q

Nuclear Decay

A

Unstable nuclei decay by emitting alpha beta and gamma

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16
Q

Nuclear fission

A

When a large nucleus splits into 2 smaller nuclei, electrons released

17
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

When 2 smaller nuclei combined me to produce a bigger nucleus

18
Q

Photon

A

A light particle

19
Q

Brighter lines

A

Some lines are brighter than other because there are more electron transitions per second

20
Q

Absorption spectra

A

Continuous spectrum with lines removed

Electrons in gas atoms absorb photons to move to higher energy levels

Only photon with energies equal to energy gaps between levels in atom will be absorbed

Photons removed from a white light source during absorption leave dark lines and produce absorption spectra

21
Q

Photoelectric

A

If a photon energy is big enough it can escape from the atom, it must reach ionisation stage

22
Q

Photo emission

A

Term used to describe emission of an electron from a material when it absorbs the energy of a photon

23
Q

Threshold frequency

A

Minimum frequency that will cause photo emission

24
Q

Work function

A

Minimum energy that a photon must have to produce photo emission

Physics (2 decks)

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