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Higher Physics > Particles and Waves: 3 - Nuclear Reactions > Flashcards

Particles and Waves: 3 - Nuclear Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nature of an alpha particle?

A

Helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons).

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2
Q

What is the symbol for an alpha particle?

A

α or 4
He
2

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3
Q

What is the nature of a beta particle?

A

A fast electron.

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4
Q

What is the symbol for a beta particle?

A

β or 0
e
1

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5
Q

What is the nature of a gamma ray?

A

High frequency EM wave.

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6
Q

What is the symbol for a gamma ray?

A

γ

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7
Q

What is nuclear fission?

A

The breaking up of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei.

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8
Q

What are the two types of fission?

A

Induced and spontaneous

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9
Q

When does spontaneous fission occur?

A

Spontaneous fission occurs when a nucleus breaks down without any external influence. (This happens with heavy, unstable, man made isotopes).

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10
Q

When does induced fission occur?

A

Induced fission occurs when a nucleus breaks down after being bombarded with a neutron.

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11
Q

What happens during an induced fission reaction?

A

A neutron is fired at a heavy nucleus which then break down into two smaller nuclei and 3 neutrons (energy is also released usually in the form of heat).

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12
Q

What is conserved during the induced fission reaction?

A

The mass number and the atomic number.

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13
Q

Despite the fact it is conserved what is greater before than after fission?

A

The total mass before fission is greater than the total mass of the the products.

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14
Q

What is the equation for the energy given off from fission and fusion reactions?

A

E = mc²

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15
Q

What does the “c” stand for in E = mc²?

A

The speed of light.

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16
Q

What is the chain reaction and when does it occur?

A

The chain reaction occurs when fission takes place and neutrons are released. These neutrons can collide with other nuclei and cause further fission reactions to take place.

17
Q

Why do we need the chain reaction to occur in the fission reactions?

A

An individual fission reaction does not produce a lot of energy.

18
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

Nuclear fusion is the joining of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus (and release energy).

19
Q

When nuclei fuse is the final mass greater than the initial mass?

A

Yes

20
Q

What is the name of hydrogen with no protons?

A

Hydrogen

21
Q

What is the name of hydrogen with 1 protons?

A

Deuterium

22
Q

What is the name of hydrogen with 2 protons?

A

Tritium

Higher Physics (10 decks)

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