Particles and Waves: 2 - Forces on Charged Particles Flashcards
What is the exchange particle/force carrier of the weak (nuclear) force?
The W and Z bosons.
What are facts about the electromagnetic force?
- Combination of electrostatic and magnetic forces.
- Has infinite range
- ACTS BETWEEN CHARGES
What is the exchange particle/force carrier of the electromagnetic force?
The photon.
What are facts about the gravitational force?
- Has infinite range
- Weakest of the 4 fundamental forces
- ACTS BETWEEN MASSES - requires large masses to produce significant forces.
What is the exchange particle/force carrier for the gravitational force?
The graviton
What is a force field?
A region where an object experiences a force without being touched.
What are types of force fields?
Magnetic fields, gravitational fields and electrical fields.
What will a charged particle experience in an electrical field?
A force.
What will a uncharged particle like a neutron experience in an electrical field?
Nothing it will just continue with the path it starts with.
What do closer field lines mean in an electrical field?
A stronger force.
Where do the field lines start and finish in an electrical field?
From the positive charge to the negative charge.
In a positively charged particle where do the lines go?
Out the way.
In a negatively charged particle where do the lines go?
In the way.
When 2 positive charges meet what happens to the lines?
They repel away from each other and curve up and down to get further away from each other.
If one joule of work is done in moving one coulomb of charge between two points in an electrical field, what is the potential difference between the two points?
One volt.
What happens when a current flows through a wire?
A magnetic field is produced.
What does the direction depend on in a magnetic field around a wire?
The direction of the current flow.
When figuring out the movement of a negative charge in an electrical field what hand should be used and what stands for what?
The right hand. The index finger represents what direction the field lines are going in. The middle finger represents the direction of the negative charge current (the initial direction the negative charge is taking).The thumb represents the motion/ movement of the negative charge (Where the negatively charged particle is actually going to go).
When figuring out the movement of a positive charge in an electrical field what hand should be used and what stands for what?
The left hand. The index finger represents what direction the field lines are going in. The middle finger represents the direction of the positive charge current (the initial direction the positive charge is taking).The thumb represents the motion/ movement of the positive charge (Where the positively charged particle is actually going to go).
When figuring out the direction of charged particles in electrical fields what do the dots represent?
Field lines coming out of the page.
When figuring out the direction of charged particles in electrical fields what do the arrows/croses represent?
Field lines going into the page.
What do particle accelerators do?
A particle accelerator speeds up and increases the energy of a beam of particles by generating electrical fields that accelerate the particles and magnetic fields that steer/deflect the particles and forces them. This results in high energy collisions of charged particles to produce other particles.
What is the simplest type of particle accelerator and how does it work?
The simplest type of particle accelerator is a CRT ( the tube used in oscilloscopes and old TV’s). Electrons are negatively charged and are repelled from the negative electrode (the cathode) and attracted towards the positive one (the anode).
DON’T DESPERATELY NEED TO KNOW!!!!
What are the three types of particle accelerator?
Linear accelerators, Cyclotrons and Synhcrotrons.
What do all particle accelerators have?
A source of particles, beam pipes, accelerating structures, a system of magnets and a target
What are facts about linear accelerators?
- The largest linear accelerator is 3 km long and is located at Stanford university in California.
- In a linear accelerator, the electrons pass through a series of electrodes. These keep the electrons moving rather than having to use increasingly large voltages.
- To keep the electrons moving they must always be moving from a negative electrode to a positive one.
What are facts about the cyclotrons?
- A cyclotron uses ‘ D ‘ shaped electrodes to accelerate particles in a circular path.
- Were used in old TV’s
What are facts about synchrotrons?
- A synchrotron works on the same principle as a linear accelerator but is bent into a ring so the charged particles can be given more energy each time they go round.
- The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an example of a synchrotron particle accelrator.
- The LHC is the worlds largest particle accelerator at CERN, Switzerland. It is 27 km in length and cost £2.6 billion to build.
what is the potential difference between two points a measure of?
The work done in moving one coulomb of charge between two points.
what does a moving charge produce?
A magnetic field.
What is the charge of a proton?
1.6 x 10-19 C
What is the charge of an electron?
-1.6 x 10-19 C
Why are protons and the neutrons not fundamental particles?
They are composed of other particles/quarks, (fundamental particles are not). (they are composite
particles).
