Particles and Waves Flashcards
What is refraction?
The change in speed of a wave when it passes from one medium to the other
What is the refractive index of a material?
It tells us by how much a material/ medium slows down light
Frequency remains constant as light passes from one medium to another true or false
True
The shorter the wavelength the more refraction true or false
True
What colour deviates the most during refraction?
Violet/ blue
What is the critical angle?
The angle of incidence which produces an angle of a fraction of 90°
Any angle greater than the critical angle produces total internal reflection
What are antimatter particles?
Particles that have the opposite charge to matter particles and are shown with a line above the symbol
Where does evidence for the existence of quarks come from?
High energy collisions in particle accelerators
What are the six leptons?
electron neutrino
muon neutrino
tau neutrino
electron
muon
tau
What are hadrons?
Composite particles made of quarks
How many particles are baryons made from and how many particles are mesons made from?
Baryons-3
Mesons-2
What is a force field?
Can be gravitational electric or magnetic
It is an area of space where an object experiences a force
What is the definition of voltage (potential difference)?
Work done in moving one coulomb of charge between two points in an electric field
What are the three types of particle accelerators?
Linear accelerator
cyclotron
synchrotron/circular accelerator
What are the basic operations of particle accelerators?
Acceleration
deflection - magnets change the direction of a charged particle
collision - particles hit a target or other particles
What produces plasma?
All Fusion reactions require high temperatures. This is when electrons are ripped from atoms forming a permanently ionized state
What does it mean when sauces or waves are coherent?
They have the same frequency, speed and constant phase difference
What acts as evidence for the wave nature of light?
Interference
