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Higher Physics > Particles And Waves > Flashcards

Particles And Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a fermion?

A

A fundamental particle
A particle which cannot be broken down any further

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2
Q

Name a lepton

A

Electron
Muon
Tau
Electron neutrino
Muon neutrino
Tau neutrino

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3
Q

What is an anti particle

A

A particle with the same mass but opposite charge to its counterpart

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4
Q

Name a quark

A

Up
Down
Charm
Strange
Top
Bottom

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5
Q

Name the two types of hadron

A

Baryon
Meson

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6
Q

Describe a
•Meson
•Baryon

A

Meson=a particle made of a quark and anti quark pair

Baryon=particle made of 3 quarks

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7
Q

Examples of baryons

A

Proton
Neutron

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8
Q

Particle for
•electromagnetic force
•strong force
•weak force
•gravitational force

A

EM - photon
Strong- gluon
Weak - W and Z boson
Gravitational - graviton

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9
Q

In an electric field, how does the speed of a particle with charge 10C compare to one with charge 20C

A

Speed of particle with charge 10C is less than speed of particle with charge 20C

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10
Q

Explain right hand rule

A

Thumb = thrust
First = force
Second = electron direction

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11
Q

How do you deflect a particle?
How do you accelerate a particle?

A

Magnetic field to deflect
Electric field to accelerate

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12
Q

3 types of radioactive decay

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

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13
Q

Safety precautions of nuclear power plant

A

Boron control rods
Moderator
Containment vessel

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14
Q

Describe nuclear fission

A

Large parent nucleus splits into two smaller daughter nuclei and some neutrons

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15
Q

Types of nuclear fission

A

Spontaneous
Stimulated

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16
Q

There is a difference in mass in nuclear fission, what happens

A

Converted to energy

17
Q

Nuclear fusion definition

A

Two small nuclei combine to produce one big nucleus

18
Q

What are coherent waves

A

Waves with a constant phase relationship. They have the exact same frequency and wavelength. A single source must be used to produce coherent waves.

19
Q

What happens when waves overlap and combine?
Name the two types

A

Interference
Constructive and Destructive

20
Q

How does constructive interference happen?
How does destructive interference happen?

A

Constructive - two waves meet exactly in phase
Destructive - two waves meet exactly out of phase (180°)

21
Q

What happens to light/sound/water when constructive interference takes place?

A

Light - bright fringe
Sound - loud sound
Water - high waves

22
Q

What happens to light/sound/water when destructive interference takes place?

A

Light - dark fringe
Sound - quiet sound
Water - calm water

23
Q

Path difference

A

Difference between the distance waves have to travel to reach a maxima/minima

24
Q

To make the maxima further apart you can…

A
  • use light of longer wavelength
  • decrease the slit seperation
  • move the screen further away
25
Q

why is diffraction grating preferred to path difference set up

A

Created a brighter/sharper pattern

26
Q

How do you calculate d in dsinθ=mλ

A

d = distance / number

27
Q

If white light is shone through a prism what colour refracts/deviates the most

A

Violet

28
Q

If white light is shone through a diffraction grating what colour refracts/deviates the most

A

Red

29
Q

Refraction definition

A

When a wave moves from one medium to another the wave speed changes. This change in direction can lead to a change in direction.

30
Q

Fill in blanks

When light moves from air into glass it bends ___a___ the normal. When lights moves from ___b___ into ___c___ it’d bends away from the ___d___.

A

A towards
B glass
C air
D normal

31
Q

Critical angle

A

The angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90°

32
Q

What happens when the angle of incidence is above the critical angle

A

Total internal reflection

33
Q

Application of total internal reflection

A

Fibre optic cables

34
Q

State two features of the Bohr model

A

Electrons only exist in specific orbits
They occupy the lowest energy level
Electrons can only jump between allowed orbits
Elections in different orbits have different energies
If an electron absorbs energy it moves to a higher level
If an electron drops to a lower energy level it emits energy as a photon of light

35
Q

Irradiance

A

Power of radiation per unit area
(Number of photons)

36
Q

Work function definition

A

Minimum energy required to eject an electron from a metal surface

37
Q

Threshold frequency

A

Minimum frequency of a photon to eject an electron from a metal surface

38
Q

(Wave particle duality)
What happens if you increase
-irradiance
-frequency

A

Irradiance - More electrons are ejected at the same velocity
Frequency - increased photon energy so increased velocity

Higher Physics (3 decks)

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