Particles And Waves Flashcards
What is a fermion?
A fundamental particle
A particle which cannot be broken down any further
Name a lepton
Electron
Muon
Tau
Electron neutrino
Muon neutrino
Tau neutrino
What is an anti particle
A particle with the same mass but opposite charge to its counterpart
Name a quark
Up
Down
Charm
Strange
Top
Bottom
Name the two types of hadron
Baryon
Meson
Describe a
•Meson
•Baryon
Meson=a particle made of a quark and anti quark pair
Baryon=particle made of 3 quarks
Examples of baryons
Proton
Neutron
Particle for
•electromagnetic force
•strong force
•weak force
•gravitational force
EM - photon
Strong- gluon
Weak - W and Z boson
Gravitational - graviton
In an electric field, how does the speed of a particle with charge 10C compare to one with charge 20C
Speed of particle with charge 10C is less than speed of particle with charge 20C
Explain right hand rule
Thumb = thrust
First = force
Second = electron direction
How do you deflect a particle?
How do you accelerate a particle?
Magnetic field to deflect
Electric field to accelerate
3 types of radioactive decay
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Safety precautions of nuclear power plant
Boron control rods
Moderator
Containment vessel
Describe nuclear fission
Large parent nucleus splits into two smaller daughter nuclei and some neutrons
Types of nuclear fission
Spontaneous
Stimulated
There is a difference in mass in nuclear fission, what happens
Converted to energy
Nuclear fusion definition
Two small nuclei combine to produce one big nucleus
What are coherent waves
Waves with a constant phase relationship. They have the exact same frequency and wavelength. A single source must be used to produce coherent waves.
What happens when waves overlap and combine?
Name the two types
Interference
Constructive and Destructive
How does constructive interference happen?
How does destructive interference happen?
Constructive - two waves meet exactly in phase
Destructive - two waves meet exactly out of phase (180°)
What happens to light/sound/water when constructive interference takes place?
Light - bright fringe
Sound - loud sound
Water - high waves
What happens to light/sound/water when destructive interference takes place?
Light - dark fringe
Sound - quiet sound
Water - calm water
Path difference
Difference between the distance waves have to travel to reach a maxima/minima
To make the maxima further apart you can…
- use light of longer wavelength
- decrease the slit seperation
- move the screen further away
why is diffraction grating preferred to path difference set up
Created a brighter/sharper pattern
How do you calculate d in dsinθ=mλ
d = distance / number
If white light is shone through a prism what colour refracts/deviates the most
Violet
If white light is shone through a diffraction grating what colour refracts/deviates the most
Red
Refraction definition
When a wave moves from one medium to another the wave speed changes. This change in direction can lead to a change in direction.
Fill in blanks
When light moves from air into glass it bends ___a___ the normal. When lights moves from ___b___ into ___c___ it’d bends away from the ___d___.
A towards
B glass
C air
D normal
Critical angle
The angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90°
What happens when the angle of incidence is above the critical angle
Total internal reflection
Application of total internal reflection
Fibre optic cables
State two features of the Bohr model
Electrons only exist in specific orbits
They occupy the lowest energy level
Electrons can only jump between allowed orbits
Elections in different orbits have different energies
If an electron absorbs energy it moves to a higher level
If an electron drops to a lower energy level it emits energy as a photon of light
Irradiance
Power of radiation per unit area
(Number of photons)
Work function definition
Minimum energy required to eject an electron from a metal surface
Threshold frequency
Minimum frequency of a photon to eject an electron from a metal surface
(Wave particle duality)
What happens if you increase
-irradiance
-frequency
Irradiance - More electrons are ejected at the same velocity
Frequency - increased photon energy so increased velocity
