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Physics > Particles and Radiation > Flashcards

Particles and Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

Charge (C) of a proton

A

+1.60x10^-19

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2
Q

Charge (C) of a neutron

A

0

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3
Q

Charge (C) of an electron

A

-1.60x10^-19

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4
Q

Mass (kg) of a proton

A

1.67x10^-27

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5
Q

Mass (kg) of a electron

A

9.11x10-31

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6
Q

Mass (kg) of a neutron

A

1.67x10-27

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7
Q

Relative charge of a proton

A

Positive, +1

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8
Q

Relative charge of a neutron

A

Neutral, 0

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9
Q

Relative charge of a electron

A

Negative, -1

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10
Q

Relative mass of a proton

A

1

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11
Q

Relative mass of a neutron

A

1

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12
Q

Relative mass of an electron

A

0.0005 or 1/2000

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13
Q

equation for speecific charge

A

charge/mass

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14
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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15
Q

describe Nuclide Notation

A

A=Nucleon number
X=element symbol
Z=proton number

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16
Q

what forces act on nucleons in a nucleus

A

Electromagnetic force, Gravitational force, Strong nuclear force

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17
Q

for what range is the strong nuclear force most attractive

A

0.5fm to 3fm

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18
Q

when is the strong nuclear force repulsive

A

closer than 0.5fm

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19
Q

what is nuclear decay

A

when unstable nuclei emit particles to become more stable

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20
Q

What happens to the nucleon and proton number in alpha decay, what particle is emited.

A

nucleeon number decreases by 4
Proton number decreases by 2
an alpha particle with nucleon number of 4 and proton number of 2 is released

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21
Q

what happens to the nucleon and proton number in beta minus decay, what particle is emited

A

nucleon number remains the same
proton number increases by 1
a electron is emited from the nucleus along with an electron antineutrino

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22
Q

List the 7 electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing frequency

A 
1-Radio waves
2-Micro-waves
3-Infra-red waves
4-Visible Light
5-Ultra-Violet light
6-X-Rays
7-Gamma Rays
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23
Q

equation for the energy of one photon in j

A

E=hf
h=planck’s constant 1.63x10-34
f=frequency of light in Hz

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24
Q

equation for frequency in Hz

A

f=c/wavelength

c=speed of light in a vacuum 3.00x10^8

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25
Q

what is another equation for the energy of one photon

A

E=hf=hc/wavelength

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26
Q

What is an antiparticle

A

each particle has an antiparticle with the same mass and rest energy but with the opposite charge (if charged)

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27
Q

what is the Rest energy of a proton

A

938.3MeV

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28
Q

what is the rest energy of a neutron

A

939.6MeV

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29
Q

what is the rest energy of a electron

A

0.511MeV

30
Q

what is Pair Production

A

when energy is converted into mass you get equal ammounts of matter and antimatter

31
Q

what is the minimum energy needed in Mev for pair production

A

2x the rest energy of the particle type prroduced in MeV

32
Q

what is annihilation

A

when a particle and its antiparticle meet all the mass of the particle and antiparticle are converted back to energy in the form of two gamma ray photons

33
Q

what is the minimum energy of photon produced by annihilation

A

the rest energy of particle type annihilated in MeV

34
Q

what is a hadron

A

a hadron is a particle that can feel the strong nuclear force, such as protons and neutrons.

35
Q

what are the two types of hadrons

A

baryons and mesons

36
Q

what is the only stable baryon

A

a proton

37
Q

what is the baryon number of a baryon

A

+1

38
Q

what is the baryon number of an antibaryon

A

-1

39
Q

what does a neutron decay into

A

a proton an electron and a antineutrino

40
Q

what is the other type of hadron (not baryon)

A

Meson

41
Q

what are mesons made up of

A

pions and kaons

42
Q

what do kaons decay into

A

pions

43
Q

what is the exchange particle of the strong nuclear force

A

Pions

44
Q

what are cosmic ray showers

A

when cosmic rays interact with molecules in the atmosphere and produces lots of high energy particles such as pions and kaons

45
Q

what are Leptons

A

Leptons are fundamental particles which do not feel the strong nuclear force

46
Q

what are the two types of lepton number

A

electron lepton number and muon lepton number

47
Q

what are muons

A

leptons which are like heavy unstable electrons wich decay into normal electrons

48
Q

what are stable leptons

A

electrons

49
Q

baryon and lepton number must always be conserved yes or no

A

yes

50
Q

what are strange particles

A

particles which have a property called strangeness

51
Q

when is strangeness conserved and when isnt it

A

strangeness is conserved in the strong interaction and it is not conserved in the weak interaction

52
Q

conservation of strangeness means strange particles can only be created in ______

A

Pairs

53
Q

what can strangeness change by in the weak interaction

A

+1, 0, -1

54
Q

what properties must be conserved

A

charge, baryon number, lepton number, strangeness (sometimes)

55
Q

what are quarks

A

they are fundamental particles, the building blocks for hadrons

56
Q

what are the three types of quarks

A

up, down, strange

57
Q

what are the properties of anit-quarks

A

the opposite of quarks ( for example if charge is +2/3 for quark anti quark has charge -2/3)

58
Q

Protons are made up of a combination of what 3 quarks

A

up up down

59
Q

neutrons are made up of a combination of what 3 quarks

A

up down down

60
Q

what combination of quarks are mesons made up of

A

one quark and one antiquark

61
Q

Pions have a a strangeness of

A

0

62
Q

kaons have a strangeness of

A

+1, or -1

63
Q

what is quark confinement

A

it is not possible to get a quark by itself

64
Q

what happens to quarks in beta minus decay

A

a down quark is changed into an up quark, a electron and an electron anti neutrino are released, this can only be done via the weak interaction

65
Q

what happens in beta plus decay

A

an up quark is changed into a down quark, a positron and a electron neutrino are released, this can only be done via the weak interaction

66
Q

what does particle physics rely on?

A

the collaboration of large teams of scientists and engineers to validate new knowledge

67
Q

what are exchange particles

A

virtual particles that exist to transfer energy momentum and other properties between two particles in an interaction.

68
Q

what is a gauge boson

A

a gauge boson is a specific exchange particle for a fundamental force

69
Q

what is the strong interaction gauge boson

A

pions

70
Q

what is the electromagnetic gauge boson

A

virtual photon

71
Q

what is the weak gauge boson

A

W+,W- bosons

72
Q

what are the four fundamental interactions

A

gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force

Physics (3 decks)

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