Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS Physics > Particles and Radiation > Flashcards

Particles and Radiation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a particle?

A

a minute portion of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are atoms made up of?

A

protons, neutrons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the charge of a proton?

A

+1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the charge of a neutron?

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the charge of an electron?

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the proton number?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the proton number also called?

A

the atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

will two elements ever have the same amount of protons?

A

no, because it is the proton number that defines the element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many electrons does a neutral atom have?

A

the same amount as it does have protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the total number of protons and neutrons called?

A

the nucleon number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the nucleon number also referred to as?

A

the mass number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is something called if it has the same amount of protons but a different number of neutrons?

A

an isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

changing the number of neutrons…

A

…doesn’t affect the atom’s chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do the number of neutrons affect?

A

the stability of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in general, the greater number of neutrons compared with the protons,…

A

…the more unstable the nucleus is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

unstable nuclei may be radioactive…

A

…and decay to make themselves stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

18
Q

what is the relative mass of an electron?

A

0.0005

19
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

20
Q

define proton number

A

no. of protons in the nucleus

21
Q

define nucleon number

A

total no. of protons & neutrons in the nucleus

22
Q

what does the strong nuclear force do?

A

binds nucleons together

23
Q

to hold the nucleus together, the strong nuclear force…

A

is an attractive force that is stronger than the electrostatic force

24
Q

what is the range of the strong nuclear force?

A

very short

25
Q

the strong nuclear force can only hold nucleons together if…

A

they are only a few femtometres apart

26
Q

what happens to the strength of the strong nuclear force at about 3 femtometres?

A

it falls rapidly towards zero

27
Q

the size of the strong nuclear force varies with…

A

…nucleon separation

28
Q

the electrostatic repulsive force extends over a much…

A

…larger range (indefinately)

29
Q

when is the strong nuclear force repulsive?

A

when it has nucleons of less than 0.5 femtometres

30
Q

when does alpha emission happen?

A

in very BIG atoms (with more than 82 protons)

31
Q

why are these atoms unstable?

A

because the nuclei in the atoms are too BIG for strong nuclear force

32
Q

what happens when an alpha particle is emitted?

A

the proton number decrease by 2 and the nucleon number decreases by 4

33
Q

where does beta emission happen?

A

in neutron-rich nuclei (isotopes)

34
Q

what is beta emission?

A

the emission of an electron from the nucleus as well as an antineutrino

35
Q

what happens to one of the neutrons in beta emission?

A

it changes into a proton

36
Q

what happens when a beta particle is emitted?

A

the proton number increases by 1 and the nucleon number stays the same

37
Q

what does an antineutrino carry?

A

energy and momentum

38
Q

what tiny neutral particle is emitted in beta decay?

A

an antineutrino

39
Q

what evidence suggests the existence of the strong nuclear force?

A

the electrostatic force is much larger than the gravitational force so in order to hold the nucleus together there must be another force: the strong nuclear force

40
Q

why must the strong nuclear force be repulsive at short distances?

A

because otherwise there would be nothing stopping it crushing a nucleus to point

41
Q

how does the strong interaction limit the size of a stable nucleus?

A

after very short space of time the strong nuclear force is larger than electrostatic and protons in nucleus are forced apart. (nucleus much bigger than this = unstable)

AS Physics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions