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Physics👩🏾‍🔬🚀 > Particles and Radiation > Flashcards

Particles and Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

The nucleon is the same as?

A

The mass number

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2
Q

The atomic number is the number of…

A

Protons

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3
Q

Why is a stable atom neutral?

A

The protons and electrons have the same charge but opposite signs so they cancel eachother out

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4
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons

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5
Q

What does the atom consist of?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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6
Q

How do you work out the specific charge of the nucleus?

A

Charge
————
Mass

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7
Q

Specific charge of an ion?

A

Number of electrons added/removed x Q
——————————————————
Nucleons total x 1.67x10^-27

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8
Q

When an atom gains an electron its specific charge will be?

A

Negative

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9
Q

When an atom loses an electron its Specific charge will be?

A

Positive

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10
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that has different number of neutrons but same number of protons

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11
Q

What happens when isotopes with an imbalance of neutrons and protons?

A

They become unstable

They constantly decay and emit radiation to become more stable

This is random and unpredictable

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12
Q

Isotopic data is…

A

The relative amounts of different isotopes of an element

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13
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element compared with that of the carbon 12 isotope

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14
Q

What is the force between the protons?

A

The electrostatic force

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15
Q

Is the electrostatic force repulsive or attractive and why?

A

Repulsive
Because the protons have a positive charge

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16
Q

The nucleus also has what force acting on it?

A

The gravitational force due to the mass of the nucleons

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17
Q

Which force has more of an impact on the nucleus

A

The electrostatic force
Gravitational is weak

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18
Q

Which force is greater than the electrostatic force? Why?

A
  • The strong nuclear force
  • It holds the protons and neutrons together
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19
Q

Describe the properties of the SN force

A
  • highly repulsive at &laquo_space;0.5 fm
  • force is attractive up to 3.0 fm
  • Maximum attractive value occurs at 1.0 fm
  • the equilibrium position where the resultant force is 0 occurs at a separation of about 0.5 fm
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20
Q

What happens to the nucleus during alpha decay?

A

It loses 2 neutrons and 2 protons

Or 4 nucleons

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21
Q

What is the product of Beta minus decay

A

Protons

Electron

And anti neutrino

22
Q

What is beta minus decay?

A

When a high energy electron is emitted from the nucleus

23
Q

What is beta plus decay?

A

When a high energy positron is emitted from the nucleus

24
Q

What happens when a particle and antiparticle collide?

A

They annihilate eachother

Its mass is converted to energy in the form of 2 gamma photons

25
Q

What is conserved during particle annihilation?

A

Momentum and energy

26
Q

What is pair production?

A

When a photon interacts with a nucleus or atom its energy is used to make a particle and anti particle pair

27
Q

What is a photon?

A

A massless packet of discrete energy

28
Q

What is a hadron?

A

Particles made up quarks

29
Q

Name a baryon and meson ?

A

Proton/Neutron

Pions/Kaons

30
Q

Why is the protons the most stable baryon?

A

It is the lightest
And has the longest half life

31
Q

What is a pion?

A

A meson that is the exchange particle of the strong nuclear force

32
Q

Which meson is responsible for binding quarks together?

A

The Gluon

33
Q

Pions are responsible for binding quarks together. True or False?

A

False
They are responsible for binding nucleons via the SN force

34
Q

What do kaons decay into

A

Pions

35
Q

Which Interaction do leptons NOT interact with other particles

A

Strong nuclear force

36
Q

Strangeness is conserved in weak interaction. True or False?

A

False. It can change by 1,-1 or 0

37
Q

Why do scientists all over the world need to collaborate to conduct experiments?

A

Because it helps with funding and expertise needed to operate experiments successfully

38
Q

What are exchange particles?

A

Particles carry the fundamental force between particles

39
Q

What is the exchange particle for each interaction

A

EM - virtual photon
Weak nuclear - W Boson
Strong nuclear
Nucleons - pions
Quarks - gluons

40
Q

The electromagnetism affects particles with…

A

Charge : leptons & hadrons

41
Q

Does the strong force work close or long range

A

Close

42
Q

Which force binds the electrons to the atoms?

A

Electromagnetic
Due to the attractive force between the electrons and positive nucleus

43
Q

What is the exchange particle for electron capture?

A

W + Boson

44
Q

What is the exchange particle for proton-electron collisions

A

W- Boson

45
Q

What does the equation E = QV show?

A

The energy gained by an electron travelling through a pd. of 1 volt

46
Q

What happens when an electron travels through a pd.?

A

Energy is transferred between two points in a circuit or electric field

47
Q

What is the photoelectric effect?

A

When electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal upon the absorption of light energy

48
Q

What does the photo electric effect give evidence to?

A

That light behaves as a particle not just a wave

49
Q

What is the threshold frequency?

A

Minimum frequency of light required to release a photo electron

50
Q

What is the work function

A

Minimum energy required to release electron

51
Q

What is the stopping potential

A

The pd required to stop photoelectric emission from occurring

Physics👩🏾‍🔬🚀 (2 decks)

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