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particles and radiation Flashcards

1
Q

define nucleons

A

the particles found within a NUCLEUS of an atom

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2
Q

describe the nuclide notation

A

letter X, on the left A on top and Z on the bottom

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3
Q

what does A in nuclide notation represent

A

NUCLEON number / MASS number
protons + neutrons
use to find MASS of atom

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4
Q

what does Z in nuclide notation represent

A

PROTON number / ATOMIC number
protons

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5
Q

define specific charge

A

the charge per unit of mass of an atom

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6
Q

specific charge equation

A

CHARGE / MASS

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7
Q

charge and mass of proton

A

charge: 1.6 x 10^ -19
mass: 1.67 x 10^ -27

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8
Q

charge and mass of neutron

A

charge: 0
mass: 1.67 x 10^ -27

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9
Q

charge and mass of electron

A

charge: -1.6 x 10^ -19
mass: 9.11 x 10^ -31

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10
Q

what numbers do you use in nuclide notation when finding specific charge

A

charge : bottom number (Z) PROTON number
mass : top number (A) NUCLEON number

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11
Q

unit of specific charge

A

ckg^ -1

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12
Q

beta minus decay converts what in to what

A

neutron in to a proton

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13
Q

what does beta minus decay emit

A

an electron and an antineutrino

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14
Q

what does beta minus decay do to the proton number of the new element

A

+1

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15
Q

what does beta minus decay do to the nucleon number of the new element

A

stays the same

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16
Q

numbers of the electron in beta minus decay

A

0
e
-1

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17
Q

beta plus decay converts what in to what

A

proton in to a neutron

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18
Q

what does beta plus decay emit

A

a positron and a neutrino

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19
Q

what does beta plus decay do to the proton number of the new element

A

-1

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20
Q

what does beta plus decay do to the nucleon number of the new element

A

stays the same

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21
Q

numbers of the electron in beta plus decay

A

0
e+
+1

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22
Q

do neutrinos and antineutrinos have mass?

A

no they are massless

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23
Q

what do neutrinos and antineutrinos carry

A

carry some of the energy and momentum

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24
Q

what does alpha decay emit

A

a helium nucleus

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25
what happens to the nucleon number of the new element after alpha decay
-4
26
what happens to the proton number of the new element after alpha decay
-2
27
numbers of the helium nucleus emitted in alpha decay
4 He 2
28
what holds the nucleus together
the strong nuclear force
29
describe the different distances and the effect of the strong nuclear force at that distance
when 2 nucleons are 0.5fm apart the strong nuclear force is REPULSIVE when 3fm apart the strong nuclear force is ATTRACTIVE at a short range the strong nuclear force has NO EFFECT
30
pair production converts what in to what
a gamma ray photon in to a particle and antiparticle
31
what does a gamma ray photon have to have to perform pair production
its energy has to match the sum of the rest energies of the particle and the antiparticle
32
how do you get eV to Joules
x 1.6 x 10^ -19
33
how do you get Joules to eV
÷ 1.6 x 10^ -19
34
name the antiparticle of a proton
antiproton
34
name the antiparticle of an electron
positron
35
name the antiparticle of a neutron
antineutron
36
name the antiparticle of a neutrino
antineutrino
37
where does pair production usually occur and why
near a nucleus to conserve momentum
38
annihilation converts what in to what
particle and antiparticle in to two photons
39
when does annihilation only occur
when the rest energy of the particle and antiparticle are the same
40
how does annihilation conserve energy
has 2 photons which travel in opposite directions
41
state a use of radioactive isotopes
carbon dating. the proportion of carbon-14 in a substance can be used to estimate its age
42
rest energy of proton/antiproton
938.3 MeV
43
rest energy of neutron/antineutron
939.6 MeV
44
rest energy of electron/positron
0.511 MeV
45
rest energy of neutrino/antineutrino
0 MeV
46
Plank’s constant
6.63 x 10^ -34
47
speed of light
3 x 10^8
48
pair production equation
Emin = 2E0 = 2hf
49
photon energy equation re-arranged for frequency
f = E0/h
50
photon energy equation re-arranged for wavelength
λ = hc/E0
51
what unit does rest energy need to be in before used in the photon energy equation
Joules
52
define hadrons
particles that experience the strong nuclear force Have 2-3 quarks
53
what are the 2 types of hadrons
baryons mesons
54
define baryons
have 3 quarks proton/antiproton, neutron/antineutron Decay in to a proton, then a FREE proton
55
state baryon numbers
baryon = +1 antibaryon = -1 non-baryon = 0
56
define mesons
have 2 quarks interact with baryons via the strong nuclear force all unstable
57
state the 2 types of mesons
pions kaons
58
define pions
MEDIATE strong nuclear force lightest of mesons and unstable π +, π −, π 0 π − is ANTIPARTICLE of π +
59
define kaons
DECAY in to pions heavier and more unstable than pions short lifetime have strangeness K+, K−, K0 K- is ANTIPARTICLE of K+
60
define lepton
particles that DO NOT feel the strong nuclear force 0 quarks
61
state the leptons
electron/positron neutrino/antineutrino muon/antimuon muon neutrino/anti muon neutrino
62
state the lepton numbers for electron and positron
+1 -1
63
state the lepton numbers for neutrino and antineutrino
+1 -1
64
state the lepton numbers for muon and antimuon
+1 -1
65
state the lepton numbers for muon neutrino and anti muon neutrino
+1 -1
66
what does a muon decay into
electron, anti-electron neutrino, muon neutrino

physics (6 decks)

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