Particles And Forces Flashcards
what is a baryon
a particle made up of the combination of 3 quarks
what are the simplest examples of baryons
protons and neutrons
what quarks does a proton consist of
- 2 up quarks
- 1 down quark
therefore why does a proton have a charge of +1
- up quark has a charge of +2/3
- down quark has a charge of -1/3
- +2/3 +2/3 -1/3 = +3/3 = +1
what quarks does a neutron consist of
- 2 down quarks
- 1 up quark
therefore why does a neutron have a charge of 0
- up quark has a charge of +2/3
- down quark has a charge of -1/3
- -1/3 -1/3 +2/3 = 0
what determines how long a baryon particle will exist for
- the strength of their nuclear force
- strong nuclear forces result in faster decays
- whereas decay via the weak nuclear force is longer
what makes a particle like a proton an an anti-particle
all the quarks that the particle consists of are anti-particles of their normal matter particles
what is a meson
a particle made up of the combination of a quark and an anti-quark
what are the two most common mesons
- the pion
- the kaon
what does a poin consist of
any combination of up and down quark / anti-quark pairings
what does a kaon consist of
- any combination of an up and down quark / anti-quark
- and a strange or anti-strange quark
given the definition, what is the charge of a meson
0
what is a hadron
any particle that feels and interacts with the strong nuclear force
are baryons and mesons both hadrons, or only one of them
they are both hadrons
what is an exchange boson
- particles that enables the transfer of force
- each of the four fundamental forces has its own exchange boson
what are the four forces of nature that matter particles interact by
- gravity
- electromagnetic force
- weak nuclear force
- strong nuclear force
what does the existence of exchange boson mean how we think about interactions
- the process by which these forces act have been modelled as an exchange of bosons
- so it isnt simply like theres nothing between two interacting bodies
for examples sake, how would a proton and an electron electrostatically interact (attract) using the exchanging bosons model
they would pass photons backwards and forwards between each other
using this model, what is the real definition of gravity
- the weakest of the four fundamental forces
- transmitted by the theoretical graviton particle
- which affects all objects
using this model, what is the real definition of electromagnetic force
- one of the four fundamental forces
- transmitted by photons acting between objects with charges
using this model, what is the real definition of the strong nuclear force
- the strongest of the four fundamental forces
- transmitted by gluons acting at very short ranges between hadrons (10^-15m)
using this model, what is the real definition of the weak nuclear force
- one of the four fundamental forces
- transmitted by W or Z bosons
- acting at extremely short ranges (10^-18m)
- it can affect all matter particles
what is the exchange boson, boson symbol and boson charge for the electromagnetic force
- exchange boson is the photon
- boson symbol is the gamma symbol Y
- boson charge = 0
what are the exchange bosons, boson symbol and boson charge for the weak nuclear force
- exchange bosons are the W and Z
- boson symbols are W+, W- Z(0)
- boson charges are -1 for W-, +1 for W+ and 0 for Z(0)
what is the exchange boson, boson symbol and boson charge for the strong nuclear force
- exchange boson is the gluon
- boson symbol is g
- boson charge is 0
what is the exchange boson, boson symbol and boson charge for gravity
- exchange boson is the graviton
- doesnt have a boson symbol or charge because we havent found it yet
