Particles and Counters Flashcards
은
Topic marking - word ending with consonant
Topic marking - word ending with consonant
은
eun
Topic marking - word ending with consonant
는
Topic marking - word ending with vowel
Topic marking - word ending with vowel
는
neun
Topic marking - word ending with vowel
이
Subject marking - word ending with consonant
Subject marking - word ending with consonant
이
i
Subject marking - word ending with consonant
가
Subject marking - word ending with vowel
Subject marking - word ending with vowel
가
ga
Subject marking - word ending with vowel
Noun + 에
Location marking particle, at, to
Location marking particle, at, to
Noun + 에
Noun + e
Location marking particle, at, to
Noun + 에서
Location marking particle, at, in, from
Location marking particle, at, in, from
Noun + 에서
Noun + e-seo
Location marking particle, at, in, from
살
Age counter
Age counter
살
sal
Age counter
아요
PRESENT - If the verb stem’s last vowel is ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
PRESENT - If the verb stem’s last vowel is ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
아요
a-yo
PRESENT - If the verb stem’s last vowel is ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
어요
PRESENT - If the last vowel is NOT ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
PRESENT - If the last vowel is NOT ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
어요
eo-yo
PRESENT - If the last vowel is NOT ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
여요
PRESENT - 하 [ha]
PRESENT - 하 [ha]
여요
yeo-yo
PRESENT - 하 [ha]
았어요
PAST - If the verb stem’s last vowel is ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
PAST - If the verb stem’s last vowel is ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
았어요
a-sseo-yo
PAST - If the verb stem’s last vowel is ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
었어요
PAST - If the last vowel is NOT ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
PAST - If the last vowel is NOT ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
었어요
eo-sseo-yo
PAST - If the last vowel is NOT ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o]
였어요
PAST - 하 [ha]
PAST - 하 [ha]
였어요
yeo-sse-yo
PAST - 하 [ha]
안 before a verb or 지 않다 after verb
Negative sentences
Negative sentences
안 before a verb or 지 않다 after verb
an or ji an-ta
Negative sentences
지 않아요
Negative verb ending PRESENT
Negative verb ending PRESENT
지 않아요
ji a-na-yo
Negative verb ending PRESENT
지 않았어요
Negative verb ending PAST
Negative verb ending PAST
지 않았어요
ji a-na-sseo-yo
Negative verb ending PAST
분
minutes (number + bun)
minutes
분
bun
minutes (number + bun)
시
hours (number + si)
hours
시
si
hours (number + si)
반
half past
half past
반
ban
half past
개
counting things and objects, noun + number + counter
counting things and objects, noun + number + counter
개
gae
counting things and objects, noun + number + counter
명
counting people, noun + number + counter
counting people, noun + number + counter
명
myeong
counting people, noun + number + counter
고 있다
BASIC PROGRESSIVE to be -ing
BASIC PROGRESSIVE to be -ing
고 있다
go it-da
BASIC PROGRESSIVE to be -ing
고 있어요
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE am/are/is -ing
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE am/are/is -ing
고 있어요
go i-sseo-yo
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE am/are/is -ing
고 있었어요
PAST PROGRESSIVE was/were -ing
PAST PROGRESSIVE was/were -ing
고 있었어요
go i-sseo-sseo-yo
PAST PROGRESSIVE was/were -ing
고 있을 거예요
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE will be -ing
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE will be -ing
고 있을 거예요
go i-sseul geo-ye-yo
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE will be -ing
ㄹ 거예요
FUTURE - Verb stems ending with a vowel
FUTURE - Verb stems ending with a vowel
ㄹ 거예요
l geo-ye-yo
FUTURE - Verb stems ending with a vowel
을 거예요
FUTURE - Verb stems ending with a consonant
FUTURE - Verb stems ending with a consonant
을 거예요
eul geo-ye-yo
FUTURE - Verb stems ending with a consonant
거예요
FUTURE - Verb stems already ending with ㄹ
FUTURE - Verb stems already ending with ㄹ
거예요
geo-ye-yo
FUTURE - Verb stems already ending with ㄹ
을
Object marking - used after a noun ending in a consonant
Object marking - used after a noun ending in a consonant
을
eul
Object marking - used after a noun ending in a consonant
를
Object marking - used after a noun ending in a vowel
Object marking - used after a noun ending in a vowel
를
reul
Object marking - used after a noun ending in a vowel