Particles Flashcards
지난
Last ___ (weekend/time/etc.)
다음
Next ___ week, time, etc.
Per
Add 에 to the unit of time you are doing the action within. Ex. 저는 이 약을 (하루에) 두 번 먹어요.
몇
Replaces a number. It makes something plural, but in an ambiguous way. (Mostly for items, not people)
나는 사과 몇 개를 샀어.
만
だけ
에서
~で (何かをする)
부터
から
까지
まで
(으)로
Method; the thing that you are using; indicate direction you are going to
과/와 랑/이랑/ 하고
And.
과/와 more likely in writing/formal. 랑/이랑 in speech.
함께/같이
いっしょ
함께 is writing/formal
같이 is more speech
한테/에게/께
~に(何かをやる)
한테 is speaking
에게 is for written
께 is formal form
한테서/에게서/(으)로부터
(誰か)から~
(으)로부터 can be with non-human things Ex. Company.
을/를 위해
~のため
에 대해
~のこと
When using 다르다, 비슷하다, 같다 if you add 과/와, 랑/이랑/하고 it means…
Different (from); similar (to), same (as)
적,
的
적이다
It can describe an upcoming noun or predicate a sentence when added after an adjective
스럽다
Can be added to nouns to change them into adjs.
?에게/한테 실망하다
To be disappointed in someone
?에 실망하다
To be disappointed in a non-person
~아/어서
Another way to indicate one action after another. Add to first verb. Never conjugated to past tense.
Use this when you went somewhere to do something instead of 고
아/어서 (position)
For verbs like sit, lay, stand, add 아/어서 to the verb. You can’t add 고.
아/어있다
When doing the present progressive with position verbs
아/어지다
(Just for adjectives)
You add 아/어지다 to the verb before adding 고 있다 after it. Same with 고 싶다.
제 여자 친구는 예쁘지고 있어요
더
ぜんぶ
보다
より
덜
Less. When using comparative 보다.
가장/제일
Superlatives.
Add 가장/재일 before the adj.
잘하다
To do something well
잘
It is used as an adverb. 잘하다 is for ability, but 잘 is situation. (Such as sleeping)
못하다
To do something poorly.
못
Poorly adverb. It is used to indicate that something is preventing you from doing something because of a situation.
Ex. Unable to hear bcs loud room.
잘 못
Further stress you did poorly on something.
~지 못하다.
Same meaning as 못.
잘못
It means Mistake.
Use 저의 + 나의 with the words 잘못/생각
ㅂ/습니까
When asking a question in formal, add it to the verb stem.
~니
When asking a question, add ~니 to a verb stem to informally ask a question.
The ㄹ irregular applies. Also ㅎ irregular.
ㄴ/은가(요)
Add to stem of adjectives. Often added to 이다. Another way to ask a question but in a softer way.
어때
Used when asking someone’s opinion/evaluation of something.
무슨
Used as what when the speaker doesn’t know what an object is, and asking what it is.
무엇
Similar to 뭐, except you attach 을
어떤
Similar to which. Used for when choosing from a selection of options.
Another usage is to say “some ___”. They knew what it was, but not specifically. Like ex. some dude.
어느
Only used for when picking out of a list. Which?
몇 (counter)?
It means how many ___? 몇 번?
얼마나
How many/how much. どのくらい.
이런
This sort of/kind of/type of
이렇게
Like this
그런/저런
That kind of/that type of/etc.
그렇게/저렇게
Like that.
~전에
前 (as in time). When using before ___ add 기 to the verb stem.
후에
~あとに. When saying this as in “after I do this” you need to add ㄴ/은 to the stem of the verb.
안/이내
When placed after an indication of time, it means within a time period.
모든
Every ____.
모두
As an adverb it means the same as 다. As a pronoun it means everyone/everything.
(뭐/어디/언제/누구) + ㄴ가
It means something, somewhere, sometime, somebody.
With 어딘가 you’ll use 에/에서, 에 can be omitted but not 에서.
에 is not attached to 언제가
아무나/아무도
Anybody. Nobody.
아무도 has to be a double negative
아무 + (거/데/때나) + 나
Anything, any place, anytime.
에 can be omitted from 데, but 에서 can’t, so 데서.
Add 도 instead of 나 to mean nothing, nowhere, etc.
마다
Each. It is attached to the end of a noun.
버스는 10분마다 와요.
