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PHYSICS > Particles > Flashcards

Particles Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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2
Q

What is the specific charge of a particle

A

The ratio of its charge to its mass

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3
Q

Equation of specific charge

A

SC = Q/M
Ckg-1 = C/kg

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4
Q

What is the strong force responsible for, its range and exchange particle

A

Responsible for keeping the nucleus together. Range = 1x10^-18 metres
Gluon

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5
Q

What are released in alpha decay

A

2 neutrons and 2 protons

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6
Q

Describe beta decay

A

A neutron decays into a proton and electron - the electron is emitted

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7
Q

What are photons

A

A “packet”/“quantum” of electromagnetic energy

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8
Q

Define annihilation

A

A particle and its antiparticle collide producing two photons
The total energy of the photons = the combined rest mass and Ek of the particle and antiparticle

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9
Q

Define pair production

A

A photon turns into a particle and its antiparticle. The minimum photon energy = twice the rest mass of the particle produced

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10
Q

Name the 4 fundamental forces

A

Gravity, Electromagnetic, Weak force and Strong force

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11
Q

What are the gravity, electromagnetic and weak force range

A

infinite, infinite, 1x10^-18 metres

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12
Q

What is the gravity force responsible for and its exchange particle

A

The attractive force between any two masses
Graviton

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13
Q

What is the electromagnetic force responsible for and its exchange particle

A

Attractive or repulsive between any two charges
Virtual photon

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14
Q

What is the weak force responsible for and its exchange particle

A

Beta decay
W+/W-

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15
Q

What is an antiparticle

A

A particle with the same mass and rest energy but opposing charge

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16
Q

What is the difference between hadrons and bosons?

A

Bosons are fundamental force exchange particles

17
Q

What is the difference between baryons and mesons?

A

Baryons contain qqq, mesons contain qq

18
Q

What fundamental forces can leptons experience?

A

Gravity, electromagnetic and weak

19
Q

What is the only stable baryon

A

proton

20
Q

In which interaction is strangeness NOT conserved?

A

Weak

21
Q

Quark construct of a proton and a neutron

A

p = uud
n = udd

22
Q

Quark construct of a pion

A

π^+ = up and anti-down
π^0 = up and anti-up

23
Q

quark construct of a kaon

A

k+ = up and anti-strange
k^0 = down anti-strange

24
Q

How does light behave as a particle

A

Photoelectric effect

25
Q

What is one electron-volt equivalent to in J

A

1eV = 1.6X10^-19 J

26
Q

What is the ground state

A

Nearest possible position to the nucleus

27
Q

What are excited states

A

Energy levels above the ground state but below the ionisation level

28
Q

How can you increase the maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron

A

Increase the frequency of the incoming photon/decrease the wavelength

29
Q

Why might electrons not be emitted from a plate

A

The energy is less than the work function

30
Q

What is the work function

A

The minimum energy needed to release an electron from the surface of a metal

31
Q

What is ionisation

A

the energy required to remove one electron from an atom

32
Q

What can cause ionisation/excitation

A
  • collision of photons or electrons
  • nuclear radiation
  • heating
  • passing an electric current through a gas
33
Q

What is excitation

A

When an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level within an atom

34
Q

Evidence of light behaving as a wave

A

Diffraction

35
Q

Evidence for an electron behaving as a particle

A

deflection in a field

36
Q

Evidence for an electron behaving as a wave

A

diffraction
(particles can’t be deflected so electron must be waves)

37
Q

In β– decay what decays

A

n ===> p + e- + anti-electron neutrino

38
Q

In β+ what happens

A

p ===> n + e+ + electron neutrino

PHYSICS (6 decks)

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