Particles

Question 1

Despite the apparent complexity within the universe, there are just four basic forces. These forces are responsible for all interactions known to science. These four basic forces are known as fundamental because they alone are responsible for all observations of forces in nature. The four fundamental forces are gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Check all answer choices that are considered fundamental forces of the observable universe.

Answer 2

gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear

Question 3

Which is the weakest of the fundamental forces?

Answer 3

gravity

Question 4

___________ force acts between all objects with mass and has the ability to act over large distances.

Answer 4

gravitational

Question 5

___________ force is responsible for both electrostatic interactions and the magnetic force seen between bar magnets.

Answer 5

electromagnetic

Question 6

___________ force exists between any two object that are charged.

Answer 6

electromagnetic

Question 7

What kind of force holds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus?

Answer 7

strong nuclear

Question 8

Which type of force is involved in radioactive beta decay? (hint: neutron can become a proton)

Answer 8

weak nuclear force

Question 9

Which type of force is responsible for holding electrons in orbit around the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 9

electromagnetic

Question 10

___________ force is an important force in the chemical and biological sciences, as it is responsible for molecular connections like ionic bonding and hydrogen bonding.

Answer 10

electromagnetic

Question 11

The fundamental forces are transmitted over a distance by the exchange of particles, called ___________ , and that what we commonly refer to as a “force field” consists of these ___________ .

Answer 11

carrier particles

Question 12

The carrier particles for the strong nuclear force is the ________ .

Answer 12

gluon

Question 13

The ________________ of the atom refers to the current scientific view of the fundamental components and interacting forces of matter.

Answer 13

standard model

Question 14

A _______________ is defined as a particle with no substructure and no finite size.

Answer 14

fundamental particle

Question 15

According to the _____________ , there are three types of fundamental particles: leptons, quarks, and carrier particles.

Answer 15

standard model

Question 16

The electron is included in a group of six particles, called __________ , that are not bound by the strong nuclear force.

Answer 16

leptons

Question 17

________ are the fundamental building blocks of a group of particles called hadrons, a group that includes both the proton and the neutron.

Answer 17

quarks

Question 18

The fundamental forces are transmitted over a distance by the exchange of particles, called ___________ , and that what we commonly refer to as a “force field” consists of these ___________ .

Answer 18

carrier particles

Question 19

The carrier particles for the electromagnetic force is the ________ .

Answer 19

photon

Question 20

The carrier particles for the weak nuclear force are the ________ .

Answer 20

W and Z bosons

Question 21

Which type of carrier particle has not yet been found?

Answer 21

gravitron

Question 22

Which two forces were first combined, signifying the eventual desire for a Grand Unified Theory?

Answer 22

electromagnetic and weak nuclear

Question 23

The _______________ proposed that electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces are identical at sufficiently high energies. This theory predicted three short-range carrier particles that were eventually observed at CERN laboratory in 1983.

Answer 23

electroweak theory

Question 24

Currently, there is a search for a correct theory unifying the strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic force, called the __________________ .

Answer 24

grand unified theory

Question 25

Modern cosmology suggests that all four fundamental forces would have existed as one force, a hypothetical superforce as suggested by the _________________ .

Answer 25

theory of everything