Particles Flashcards
Despite the apparent complexity within the universe, there are just four basic forces. These forces are responsible for all interactions known to science. These four basic forces are known as fundamental because they alone are responsible for all observations of forces in nature. The four fundamental forces are gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force.
true
Check all answer choices that are considered fundamental forces of the observable universe.
gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear
Which is the weakest of the fundamental forces?
gravity
___________ force acts between all objects with mass and has the ability to act over large distances.
gravitational
___________ force is responsible for both electrostatic interactions and the magnetic force seen between bar magnets.
electromagnetic
___________ force exists between any two object that are charged.
electromagnetic
What kind of force holds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus?
strong nuclear
Which type of force is involved in radioactive beta decay? (hint: neutron can become a proton)
weak nuclear force
Which type of force is responsible for holding electrons in orbit around the nucleus of an atom?
electromagnetic
___________ force is an important force in the chemical and biological sciences, as it is responsible for molecular connections like ionic bonding and hydrogen bonding.
electromagnetic
The fundamental forces are transmitted over a distance by the exchange of particles, called ___________ , and that what we commonly refer to as a “force field” consists of these ___________ .
carrier particles
The carrier particles for the strong nuclear force is the ________ .
gluon
The ________________ of the atom refers to the current scientific view of the fundamental components and interacting forces of matter.
standard model
A _______________ is defined as a particle with no substructure and no finite size.
fundamental particle
According to the _____________ , there are three types of fundamental particles: leptons, quarks, and carrier particles.
standard model
The electron is included in a group of six particles, called __________ , that are not bound by the strong nuclear force.
leptons
________ are the fundamental building blocks of a group of particles called hadrons, a group that includes both the proton and the neutron.
quarks
The fundamental forces are transmitted over a distance by the exchange of particles, called ___________ , and that what we commonly refer to as a “force field” consists of these ___________ .
carrier particles
The carrier particles for the electromagnetic force is the ________ .
photon
The carrier particles for the weak nuclear force are the ________ .
W and Z bosons
Which type of carrier particle has not yet been found?
gravitron
Which two forces were first combined, signifying the eventual desire for a Grand Unified Theory?
electromagnetic and weak nuclear
The _______________ proposed that electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces are identical at sufficiently high energies. This theory predicted three short-range carrier particles that were eventually observed at CERN laboratory in 1983.
electroweak theory
Currently, there is a search for a correct theory unifying the strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic force, called the __________________ .
grand unified theory
Modern cosmology suggests that all four fundamental forces would have existed as one force, a hypothetical superforce as suggested by the _________________ .
theory of everything
