Particles Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleon number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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3
Q

What is Specific Charge?

A

The ratio of its charge to its mass given in coulombs per kilogram.

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4
Q

What is the strong nuclear force?

A

A force that holds protons and neutrons together to maintain a stable nucleus
• Can be an attractive at 3fm or a repulsive force less than 0.5 fm
• Has very short range 0.5 and 3fm
• Overcomes the repulsion between the protons
•Exchange particle pion

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5
Q

What is the electromagnetic force?

A

The force that controls interaction between charged particles.
• Has inifinte range
• Exchange particle is a photon

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6
Q

Beta minus decay

A

Neutron turns into a proton then releases an electron + antineutrino

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7
Q

Beta plus decay

A

Proton turns into a neutron then releases a positron

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8
Q

Neutrino

A

Subatomic particle whose existence was hypothesised to maintain the conservation pf energy in beta decay

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9
Q

Electron capture

A

Process in which a proton in a proton-rich nucleus turns into a neutron as a result of interacting through the weak interaction with an inner-shell electron

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10
Q

Electron volt

A

work done to accelerate an electron through a potential difference of 1V. 1eV is equal to the charge of an electron

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11
Q

Gauge Boson

A

The exchange particles that transmit the four fundamental interactions between particles

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12
Q

Weak nuclear force

A

A force that acts in the nucleus to change the quark type. Controls decays in the nucleus. Only acts over the distance of the nucleus

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13
Q

Alpha decay

A

The process of an unstable nucleus emitting an alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons) to become more stable.

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14
Q

What is a photon?

A

Packets (waves) of energy

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15
Q

Hadrons

A

Particles that interact through the strong interaction

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16
Q

Leptons

A

A group of elementary subatomic particles, consisting of electrons, muons and neutrinos

17
Q

Annihilation

A

A particle and its antiparticle collide and get converted into energy. Energy is released into 2 photons to conserve momentum

18
Q

Antiparticle

A

All particles have a corresponding particle with the same mass but opposite charge and conservation numbers

19
Q

Baryon

A

A class of hadron, that’s made up of 3 quarks. Proton is the only stable baryon

20
Q

Electron diffraction

A

Spreading of electrons as they pass through a gap similar to the magnitude of their de broglie wavelength. Evidence of wave-like properties of particles

21
Q

Energy levels

A

Defined and distinct energies at which electrons can exist in an atom An electron can’t exist between energy levels

22
Q

Excitation

A

The process of an electron taking in exactly the right quantity of energy to move to a higher energy level

23
Q

Ground state

A

Most stable energy level an electron can exist in

24
Q

Isotopic data

A

Data from isotopes that can be used for a purpose, such as carbon dating

25
Kaon
Meson that decays into pions
26
Lepton number
A quantum number that’s conserved in all particle interactions. Both electron lepton numbers and muon lepton numbers mist be conserved
27
Meson
A class of hadron that is made up of a quark and antiquark pair
28
Pair production
Process of sufficiently high-energy photon converting into a particle and its corresponding antiparticle. To conserve momentum, this usually occurs near a nucleus
29
Pion
A type of meson and the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force
30
Positron
A positively charged particle that is the antiparticle of an electron
31
Strange particles
Particles that are produced through the strong interaction but decays through the weak interaction
32
Strangeness
A quantum number that is conserved in strong interaction but not in weak interactions. This reflects that strange particles are always produced in pairs.
33
Threshold frequency
The minimums frequency of photons required for photoelectrons to be emitted from the surface of a metal plate through the photoelectric effect. It’s equal to the metal’s work function divided by Planck’s constant.